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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is an electrolyte?
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A substance that dissolves in water and conducts electricity
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What is a non-electrolyte?
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A substance that may or may not dissolve in water but does not conduct electricity.
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What does an electrolyte do in water?
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strong electricity:
NaCl (s) -> Na (aq) + Cl (aq) weak electricity: HC(2)H(3)O(2) -> H (aq) + C2H3O2 |
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What is the Hydronium Ion?
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H(3)O
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What is equilibrium?
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The state where reactants form products and products form reactants, but the concentration stays the same
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What is a strong acid? Name examples (7)
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A strong electrolyte
Hydrochloric acid HCl, Hydrobromic Acid HBr, Hydroiodic Acid HI, Nitric Acid HNO(3), Sulfuric Acid H(2)SO(4), Perchloric Acid HClO(4), Chloric Acid HClO(3) |
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What is a weak acid? Name examples (4)
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A weak electrolyte
Acetic Acid, CH(3)OOH, Hydrocyanic Acid, HCN, Hydroflouric Acid HF, Phosphoric Acid, H(3)PO(4) |
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What is a polyprotic acid?
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An acid that has more than one H+
H(2)SO(4) - diprotic H(3)PO(4) - tripotic |
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Properties of Bases:
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-Turn litmus paper blue
-"bitter" taste (baking soda) -reacts with oils to form soap -doesn't react with metals or carbonates -conducts electricity in aqueous form |
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What are the strong bases?
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Sodium Hydroxide NaOH, Potassium Hydroxide KOH, Rubidium Hydroxide RbOH, Cesium Hydroxide CsOH, Lithium Hydroxide LiOH, Strontium Hydroxide Sr(OH)2, Calcium Hydroxide Ca(OH)2, Barium Hydroxide Ba(OH)2
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What are the weak bases?
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Ammonia NH(3), Sodium Carbonate Na(2)CO(3), Potassium Carbonate K(2)CO(3), Na(3)PO(4)
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What is the Arrhenius Definition of Acid/Base?
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ACID: a substance that forms an H+(proton) when it dissolves in H(2)O.
HCL -> H+ and Cl- BASE: a substance that forms an OH- when it dissolves in H(2)O NaOH -> Na+ and OH- |
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Why did the Arrhenius Definition fail?
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Because weak bases don't contain an OH- ion.
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What is the Bronsted-Lowry Acid/Base definition?
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ACID : a substance that donates a proton (H+) "loses" an H+ ion
BASE: a substance that accepts a proton (H+) "gains" an H+ ion |
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What is a conjugate acid?
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The acid that forms when the base gains the H+ ion
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What is a conjugate base?
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The base that forms when the acid donates the H+
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What does it mean to be amphoteric?
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can act as acid and a base (H(2)O)
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