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12 Cards in this Set

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pH - normal value - range

7.4 ; range: 7.35-7.45

PaO2

90, 80-100 mmhg

PaCO2

40 mmhg, 35 to 45 mmhg ACID

HCO3

24 mEq/l; 22-28mEq/l BASE

Acidosis

occurs when ph drops below 7.35 , can be either metabolic or respiratory

Alkalosis

occurs when the pH rises above 7.45 , can be either metabolic or respiratory

respiratory acidosis

Respirations decrease, PaCO2 (Acid) increases , > 45 mmhg , ph <7.35


HYPOventilation , caused by COPD, drug overdose, intrinsic lung disease, emphysema, head trauma, anesthesia, polio, botulism


Hypercapnea- hold on to CO2

respiratory alkalosis





Respirations increase, PaCO2 (base ) decreases , <35mmhg , ph >7.45


Blowing off to much CO2, HYPERventilation, can be caused increased metabolic demands - fever, sepsis, pregnancy, thyrotoxicosis, meds- respiratory stimulants, CNS lesions, pain, anxiety, fear, pneumonia, PE

Metabolic alkalosis

PA HCO3 (bases) increases, >26 mE/l , >7.45


prolonged vomiting, severe dehydration, diuretic therapy- lassie, rapid correction of hypercapnea

metabolic acidosis

PA HCO3 (Base) decreases, <22 mE/l, <7.35


Caused by Diabetic ketoacidosis, excessive diarrhea, renal failure, starvation, salicylate intoxication.

compensation

In order to recognize compensation look for a change in the buffering system, that was NOT part of the primary problem.


Respiratory compensation- via the lungs for a primary metabolic, is QUICK, minutes to hours


Metabolic compensation- kidneys for a primary respiratory process is SLOW- hours to days

reference respiratory rate

12-20