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12 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
pH - normal value - range |
7.4 ; range: 7.35-7.45 |
|
PaO2 |
90, 80-100 mmhg |
|
PaCO2 |
40 mmhg, 35 to 45 mmhg ACID |
|
HCO3 |
24 mEq/l; 22-28mEq/l BASE |
|
Acidosis |
occurs when ph drops below 7.35 , can be either metabolic or respiratory |
|
Alkalosis |
occurs when the pH rises above 7.45 , can be either metabolic or respiratory |
|
respiratory acidosis |
Respirations decrease, PaCO2 (Acid) increases , > 45 mmhg , ph <7.35 HYPOventilation , caused by COPD, drug overdose, intrinsic lung disease, emphysema, head trauma, anesthesia, polio, botulism Hypercapnea- hold on to CO2 |
|
respiratory alkalosis |
Respirations increase, PaCO2 (base ) decreases , <35mmhg , ph >7.45 Blowing off to much CO2, HYPERventilation, can be caused increased metabolic demands - fever, sepsis, pregnancy, thyrotoxicosis, meds- respiratory stimulants, CNS lesions, pain, anxiety, fear, pneumonia, PE |
|
Metabolic alkalosis |
PA HCO3 (bases) increases, >26 mE/l , >7.45 prolonged vomiting, severe dehydration, diuretic therapy- lassie, rapid correction of hypercapnea |
|
metabolic acidosis |
PA HCO3 (Base) decreases, <22 mE/l, <7.35 Caused by Diabetic ketoacidosis, excessive diarrhea, renal failure, starvation, salicylate intoxication. |
|
compensation |
In order to recognize compensation look for a change in the buffering system, that was NOT part of the primary problem. Respiratory compensation- via the lungs for a primary metabolic, is QUICK, minutes to hours Metabolic compensation- kidneys for a primary respiratory process is SLOW- hours to days |
|
reference respiratory rate |
12-20 |