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43 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Do acids have more or less H+
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More. They are able to donate to Bases.
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Do Bases have more or less H+
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Less. They can recieve H+ from Acid sources
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What is pH
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pH is the overall H+ concentration in body fluids
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Does a base fluid have a higher pH or lower
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Bases have a higher pH level
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Does an acid fluid have a higher or lower pH level
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Acids have a lower pH
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What is the normal range for pH in blood
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slightly alkaline, 7.35-7.45
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pH of water is
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7.4 which is considered neutral
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The force of cardiac contractions diminish when?
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Blood is acidic
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there is neuromuscular function impairment when ?
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Blood is alkaline
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Blood pH is fatal when ?
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When pH is below 6.8 or above 7.8
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What is H2CO3 ?
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carbonic acid
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What is HCO3 ?
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bicarbonate
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pH reflects the balance between what two things ?
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The balance between H+ and HCO3 (bicarb)
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What is the ratio between bicarb (HCO3) and carbonic acid (H2O3) ?
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20 to 1
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What three regulating systems maintain the body's pH ?
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Chemical buffers, the respiratory system, and the renal system.
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Chemical buffers are ?
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substances that combine with excess acids or bases, act immediately to maintain pH.
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Where are these chemical buffers?
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There are in blood, intracellular fluid and extracellular fluid.
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What are the chemical buffers?
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Bicarbonate, phosphate and protein.
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What is the second line of defence against acid-base imbalances?
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The Respiratory System
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What do the lungs regulate?
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Carbon Dioxide (CO2) in the blood.
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what does carbon dioxide(CO2) and water (H2O) combine to form?
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carbonic acid (H2CO3)
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What do chemoreceptors in the brain do when pH levels change.
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They vary the rate and depth of respirations to regulate CO2 levels.
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How does fast and deep breathing effect pH the level?
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more CO2 is eliminated from the lungs and less H2CO3 is formed so pH rises. Changing from acidic to more alkaline.
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How does slower and shallower breathing effect pH levels?
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with a reduction in the excretion of CO2 pH falls. Changing from alkaline to acidic.
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What are the ranges on the pH scale?
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Scale goes from 0-14. 7 is neutral 0-7 is acidic and 7-14 is alkaline.
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What is Paco2 and what does it reflect?
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it stand for partial pressure of CO2 in the blood.
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What is the normal Paco2 level
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35-45 mm Hg
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what does high Paco2 level indicate?
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hypoventillation and shallow breathing
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What does a lower Paco2 level indicate?
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hyperventillation
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Can the respiratory system handle twice as many acids and bases as a buffer system?
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Yes, in minutes but the compensatory effects are temporary
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How does the renal system maintain acid base balances?
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by absorbing and excreting acids and bases.
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Do the kidneys also produce HCO3 to replenish lost supplies?
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Yes
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What is the normal HCO3 level
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22-26 mEq/L
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What function is it that takes place in the kidneys when blood is acidic?
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the kidneys reabsorb HCO3 and excrete H+.
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What fuction is it that takes place in the kidneys when blood is alkaline?
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the kidneys excrete HCO3 and retain H+
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How many hours can it take for the kidneys to restore pH to its normal level.
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it can take up to 24 Hours.
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Respiratory Acidosis
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Develops when the body cannot adequately eliminate CO2. pH is below 7.35 and Paco2 is above 45mm Hg.
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Respiratory Alkalosis
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Hyperventillation causes the body eliniates too much CO2. pH above 7.45 and Paco2 below 35 mm Hg.
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Metabolic Acidosis
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HCO3 below 22 mEq/L and a pH below 7.35.
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Metabolic Alkalosis
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HCO3 above 26mEq/L and pH above 7.45
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Metabolic Acidosis may result from
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Ingestion of acidic substance, or a substance metabolized in an acid.; production of excess acid.; an inability of the kidneys to excrete normal amounts of acid,; and a loss of base
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Metalbolic Alkalosis
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loss of stomach acid, an excess loss of sodium or potassium, a renal loss of sodium or potassium, a renal loss of H+; gain of base
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ABG levels are
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pH 7.35-7.45
Paco2 35-45 mm Hg HCO3 22-26 mEq/L |
