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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Lungs regulate what
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Carbon Dioxide & carbonic acid
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Kidneys regulate what
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Bicarbonate
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average pH
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3.35-7.45
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avg PaCo2
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35-45
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PaCo < 45 is what
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acidosis
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what % of O2 is found on Hb?
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98%
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what % of O2 is found in plasma
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2%
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avg PaO2
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80-100
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what causes resp acidosis
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alveolar hypoventilation (acute or chronic)
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what happens w/COPD pts who receive too much O2
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their stimulus to breathe is decreased
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Resp acidosis is seen typically in who
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COPD, head injuries, & overdose pts
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clinical manifestations of resp acidosis
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drowsiness, disorientation, reddened face, dizziness, headache, coma, hypotension
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tx of resp acidosis
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mechanical vent, open airway, give O2, TCDB, high fowlers, expand lungs, treat cause!
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resp alkalosis caused by what
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alveolar hyperventilation- blowing off CO2 too fast; d/t anxiety, pain, increased temp, aspirin od, asthma (initially)
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resp alkalosis ABG results
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pH high, PaCo2 low if chronic & normal if acute
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s/s resp alkalosis
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lethergy, light headed, confusion, n/v, tachycardia, also s/s hypocalcemia, tingling, numbness around mouth, corpal/pedal spasms
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tx for resp alkalosis
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slow respirations down, teach relaxation, breathe into paper bag, admin antipyretic, anti anxiety
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metabolic acidosis ABG results
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pH low, HCO3 low- occurs rapidly
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metabol acidosis caused by what
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gaining acid/ or loss of ability to excrete acid (kidney failure) or by loss of base (diuretics)
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metabolic acidosis seen in who
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pts in acute/chronic renal failure, DKA- key tones- DM, diarrhea, or ileostomy
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s/s metabolic acidosis
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drowsiness, confusion, headache, coma, hypotension, arrythmias, n/v/d, abd pain
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what's also seen w/acidosis usu
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electrolyte imbalance; H+ (in ECF) & K+ (in ICF) like to switch around. H+ creeps into cell & boots K+ out
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Tx of metabolic acidosis
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give insulin & fluids to stop ketone production, replace bicarb w/ f&e
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why don't you want to give KCL to metabol acidosis pt w/CHF?
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b/c Na+ can have a rebound alkalotic state & can rapidly w/holding fluid- edema
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Metabolic alkalosis abgs
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incr pH, incr HCO3
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metabol alk caused by
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h+ ion depletion or by xs Na+ bicarb intake- most common in hospitals d/t gi suction- takes out acid
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s/s metabol alk
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dizziness, irritability, nervousness, confustion, tachycardia, n/v, tremors, hypertonic muscles, tetany, tingling, seizures
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tx metabol alk
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replace K+, monitor I&O, replace f/e w/IV infusion
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