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6 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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How does the body compensate if pH falls outside normal range? |
Lungs can retain (hypoventilate) or blow off (hyperventilate) CO2 Kidneys can retain/secrete HCO3 and retrain/secrete H+ |
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Causes, S/S, tx of respiratory acidosis? How can the body try and compensate? |
Increase pCO2, decrease pH Cause-- Lungs retaining CO2 due to: hypoventilation, sleep apnea, ARDS, severe pneumonia, pulmonary edema, atelectasis, pulmonary embolism, diseases that impair respiratory muscles, COPD S/S-- anxiety, hypoxia, change in LOC, tachycardia, tachypnea, elevated BP, hypercapnia (elevated CO2), hyperkalemia (K+ moves into vascular space so that H+ may move into cells to reduce acidosis) Tx--Bronchodilators, antibiotics for infection, anticoagulants/thrombolytic for emboli, chest PT to clear resp. tract |
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Causes, S/S, tx of Respiratory alkalosis? How can the body try and compensate |
Decrease pCO2, increase pH Causes-- lungs blowing off CO2 due to hyperventilation S/S--lightheadedness, loss of consciousness, hypokalemia (K+ moves into cell so that H+ may enter vascular space and increase pH) Tx-- Sedation, decrease anxiety, retain CO2 by breathing into paper bag |
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Causes, S/S, tx of metabolic acidosis? |
Decreased HCO3, decreased pH Causes- Less HCO3 than H+ due to: Lose HCO3 through diarrhea or gain H+ through renal failure or DKA S/S-- Headache, confusion, shock, drowsiness, hypotension, dysrhythmias from hyperkalemia (K+ comes out of cells into vascular space so H+ may enter cells) Tx-- give HCO3, dialysis to remove H+, antidiarrheal |
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Causes, S/S, tx of metabolic alkalosis? |
Increased HCO3, increased pH Causes-- More HCO3 than H+ due to: gain HCO3 through ingestion of excessive HCO3 or lose H+ through vomiting or gastric suctioning S/S-- hypokalemia, decreased motility to paralytic ileus Tx-- Treat the cause. Stop antacid use and investigate GI problem, antiemetics, replace fluids for vomiting, administer carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (increases excretion of bicarb from kidneys) |
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How do you determine compensation of acid-base problem? (uncompensated, partial, full) |
Uncompensated- pH abnormal and either HCO3 or pCO2 is normal Partial- All values are abnormal Full- pH within normal range (acidic for acidosis/basic for alkalosis side of normal) pCO2 and HCO3 abnormal |
