Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
what is the normal pH range? |
7.35-7.45 |
|
|
why must pH be tightly controlled? |
- enzymes denature - nerve/muscle activity weakens - metabolic activity breaks down |
|
|
how is H+ removed from the blood? |
- H+ excreted by kidney - H+ converted back into H2O via carbonic anhydrase (and CO2 blown off) |
|
|
what is the anion gap useful for? |
metabolic acidosis |
|
|
what does a metabolic acidosis with normal anion gap indicate? |
that the bicarb has decreased and is being compensated for through Cl-, ie. in renal dysfunction or diarrhoea |
|
|
what does a metabolic acidosis with increased anion gap indicate? |
that the bicarb and Cl- are being used up due to exogenous ingestion of acid or increased endogenous production of acid |
|
|
how much do you expect the Pa02 to be compared to inspired 02? |
10kPa less |
|
|
what is type 1 resp failure? |
hypoxia without hypercapnia |
|
|
what is type 2 resp failure |
hypoxia with hypercapnia |
|
|
what are causes of type 1 resp failure |
- still has functioning lung tissue and ventilation = pneumonia, pulmonary oedema, pneumothorax, acute asthma, |
|
|
what makes an acidosis/alkalosis metabolic/respiratory? |
- if caused by HCO3 = metabolic - if cause by C02 = respiratory |
|
|
how does acidosis/alkolosis affect K+ levels? |
- acidosis = high K+ (as in DKA) - alkolosis = low K+ |
|
|
what are causes of metabolic acidosis? |
- increased H+ production (eg DKA) - acid ingestion - reduced H+ renal excretion - loss of HC03 (diarrhoea) |
|
|
what are causes of metabolic alkolosis? |
- loss of H+ (vomiting) - loss of volume - diuretics - renal failure = poor excretion of HC03 - alkaline ingestion - hypokalaemia - hyperaldesteronism (increased H+/K+ excretion) |
|
|
what causes respiratory alkolosis? |
decrease in C02 due to hyperventilation from - hypoxia - central stimulation - anxiety/voluntary |
|
|
what causes resp acidosis? |
increase in C02 due to - lung disease eg asthma/PE/fibrosis - mechanical eg effusion/trauma - neurological eg CNS depression/myasthenia gravis |
