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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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was song dynasty successful in most aspects, or did it fail? |
successful |
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what was weaknesses? |
issues with economy, weak militarily |
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successes? |
Technological advances, rising body of intellectuals, rapidly growing economy |
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what is songs biggest success? |
development of national market |
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what had economy been like before song? |
Self sufficient- instead of buying goods, people grew own foodstuffs |
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had currency been extant before song? |
yes, but rarely use by people to buy commodities other than salt |
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what was the switch regarding the market during song times? |
switch from people being self sufficient to full blown market economy |
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how did song keep up with demand for money and support growing economy? |
song minted more coins than previous dynasties, almost tenfold |
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what does the increased minting of coins show? |
showed how rapidly song economy was growing |
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what contributed to market growth? |
people were able to buy food, could devote less time to farming themselves, specialise in making market goods |
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what els did economy result in? |
worlds first form of paper money |
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what does paper money existing and circulating say about song china? |
there was need for paper money since economy was growing rapidly, a lot of trust built into paper currency - people accept it because can use to buy goods, or exchange for bronze coins |
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other advancements? |
shift from population to south rather than noth - important for rice cultivation. farmers could grow rice more easily due to more rainfall, able to flood and drain rice fields as needed |
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what was the important advancement agriculturally? |
new crop, double crop rice that can grow twice a year in winter and summer |
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other technological advancements? |
movable printing type, shift to book use |
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what was growth in elite culture facilitated by |
civil service examinations - could get spot in office, become intellectuals and social leaders |
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what did this system do for hiring officials? |
shifted focus of hiring officials based on social standing to hiring them because of talent |
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to what extent did the song fail? |
some failures, less extreme in comparison to successes |
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what was the failure regarding the economy? |
not market, but currency. economy was growing so rapidly, demand for currency more than government to provide |
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what was the problem with government minting more coins to keep up with demand? |
values were unstable- each newly minted set of coins had less copper than previous,lowering their value related to previous coins |
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what did song do to help the coinage problem? |
issued other forms of money - bank notes, iron coins |
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what was more significant issue than coin problems? |
military problems |
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what was major threats to song militarily? |
northern regimes such as liao |
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what military campaigns of the song had failed? |
campaigns to recapture land |
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how did these military problems burden government economically? |
had to make treaties, pay indemnities to liao in silver and not uncertain copper |
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what did the song have to do in treaty to liao |
recognize liao king as same level of song king |
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what is one aspect of indemnities that makes them less severe? |
liao used the money to buy things from song markets, thus contributing to song economy |
