Acem Primary - Pectoral Region And Upper Arm Anatomy

Front 1

Name the muscles of the pectoral region

Back 1

Pectoralis Major

Pectoralis Minor

Serratus Anterior

Front 2

What are the attachments of the pectoralis major?

Back 2

Composed of two heads

Origin:

Clavicular head: Medial half of clavicle

Sternocostal head: Sternum, Costal cartilages of ribs 1-6

Insertion: Intertubecular groove of the humerus

Front 3

What are the actions of the pectoralis major?

Back 3

Both heads: Adduction, Medial Rotation

Clavicular head: Flexion.

Front 4

What is the innervation of the pectoralis major?

Back 4

Medial and Lateral Pectoral Nerves

Brachial Plexus (C5-T1)

Front 5

What is the arterial supply of the pectoralis major?

Back 5

Pectoral branch of the thoracoacromial trunk

Front 6

What are the attachments of the pectoralis minor?

Back 6

Origin: Anterior surfaces of ribs 3 – 5

Insertion: Corocoid process of the scapula

Attaching to the scapula forms a ‘bridge’, which vessels passing into the upper limb must travel underneath

Front 7

What are the actions of the pectoralis minor?

Back 7

Pulls the scapula medially, forwards and downwards to depress the shoulder

Front 8

What is the innervation of the pectoralis minor?

Back 8

Medial pectoral nerve

Brachial Plexus (C8, T1)

Front 9

What is the arterial supply of the pectoralis minor?

Back 9

Pectoral branch of the thoracoacromial trunk

Front 10

What are the attachments of serratus anterior?

Back 10

Origin:

Superior: Ribs 1-2

Intermediate: Ribs 2-3

Inferior: Ribs 4-8

Insertion: Costal surface of the medial border of the scapula

Front 11

What are the actions of serratus anterior?

Back 11

Superior external rotation of the scapula

Draws the scapula internally and forwards

-> allows the arm to be raised over 90 degrees.

Holds the scapula against the ribcage

-> useful when upper limb reaches anteriorly (e.g punching).

Front 12

What is the innervation of serratus anterior?

Back 12

Long thoracic nerve

Brachial Plexus (C5-7)

NB: Winging of the scapula in long thoracic nerve injury

Front 13

What is the arterial supply of serratus anterior?

Back 13

Lateral thoracic artery

Front 14

Name the muscles of the anterior compartment of the upper arm

Back 14

Biceps Brachii

Coracobrachialis

Briachialis

Front 15

What are the attachments of the biceps brachii?

Back 15

Origin:

Long head: Supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula

Short head: Coracoid process of the scapula

Long head tendon passes through the shoulder joint and intertubecular groove of the humerus to meet the short head, the two heads combine at the level of the humeral shaft

Insertion: radial tuberosity

Front 16

What are the actions of the biceps brachii?

Back 16

Supination of the forearm

Flexion at the elbow and the shoulder

Front 17

What is the innervation of the biceps brachii?

Back 17

Musculocutaneous Nerve

Brachial Plexus (C5-C6)

Front 18

What is the arterial supply of the biceps brachii?

Back 18

Brachial Artery

Front 19

What are the attachments of coracobrachialis?

Back 19

Origin: Coracoid process of the scapula

Insertion: Medial side of the humeral shaft, at the level of the deltoid tubercle

Front 20

What are the actions of coracobrachialis?

Back 20

Flexion of the shoulder

Front 21

What is the innervation of coracobrachialis?

Back 21

Musculocutaneous nerve

Brachial Plexus (C5,C6,C7)

Front 22

What is the arterial supply of coracobrachialis?

Back 22

Brachial artery

Front 23

What are the attachments of the brachialis?

Back 23

Origin: Anterior humeral shaft

Insertion: Coronoid process and tuberosity of the ulna

Front 24

What are the actions of the brachialis?

Back 24

Elbow flexion

Front 25

What is the innervation of the brachialis?

Back 25

Musculocutaneous nerve

Brachial Plexus (C5,C6)

Radial Nerve (C7) - small lateral portion

Front 26

What is the arterial supply of the brachialis?

Back 26

Brachial Artery

Front 27

Name the muscles of the posterior compartment of the upper arm

Back 27

Triceps Brachii

Front 28

What are the attachments of the triceps brachii?

Back 28

Origin:

Long head: Infraglenoid tubercle of the scapula

Lateral head: posterolateral humerus, superior to the radial grove

Medial head: posteromedial humerus, inferior to the radial groove

Insertion: Common tendon to the olecranon process of the ulna

Front 29

What are the actions of the triceps brachii?

Back 29

Elbow extension

Front 30

What is the innervation of the triceps brachii?

Back 30

Radial nerve (C6, C7, C8)

Triceps tendon jerk tests spinal segment C7

Front 31

What is the arterial supply of the triceps brachii?

Back 31

Deep brachial artery

Front 32

What are the borders of the axilla?

Back 32

Apex: Lateral border of the first rib, superior border of scapula, posterior border of the clavicle (cervico-axillary canal)

Lateral: Intertubecular groove of the humerus

Medial: Serratus anterior, thoracic wall

Anterior: Pectoralis major, pectoralis minor, (subclavius muscle)

Posterior: Subscapularis, teres major, latissimus dorsi (scaplua)

Base: concave skin, subcutaneous tissue, and deep fascia extending from the arm to the thoracic wall at approx 4th rib level
forming the axillary fossa (armpit)

Front 33

Name the passages for structures entering/exiting the axilla

Back 33

Superiorly via the cervico-axillary canal

Inferolaterally into the upper arm

Posteriorly via the quadrangular space into the posterior arm and shoulder

anteriorly via the clavipectoral triangle

Front 34

What are the contents of the axilla?

Back 34

Axillary artery (medial and posterior parts)

Axillary vein

Axillary Lymph nodes

Brachial plexus

Biceps brachii tendon

Coracobrachialis tendon

Front 35

What are the borders of the quadrangular space?

Back 35

Gap in the posterior wall of the axilla

Boundaries:

Superior: Subscapularis, teres minor

Inferior: Teres major

Medial: Long head of the triceps brachii

Lateral: Surgical neck of the humerus

Front 36

What structures pass through the quadrangular space?

Back 36

Axillary nerve

Posterior circumflex humeral artery (a branch of the axillary artery)

Front 37

What are the borders of the clavipectoral triangle?

Back 37

Opening in the anterior wall of the axilla

Boundaries:

Superolateral: Deltoid

Superomedial: Clavicle

Inferior: Pectoralis major

Front 38

What are the structures passing through the clavipectoral triangle?

Back 38

Structures passing through:

Cephalic vein (enters)

Medial and lateral pectoral nerves (exit)

Front 39

Describe thoracic outlet syndrome

Back 39

Pain tingling, muscle weakness and discolouration caused by compression of the vessels and nerves passing into the axilla by the bones forming its apex

Front 40

What are the borders of the triangular space?

Back 40

Triangular space = medial triangular space, upper triangular space, medial axillary space, foramen omotricipitale

Boundaries:

Superior: Teres minor

Inferior: Teres Major

Lateral: Long head of triceps

Front 41

What are the contents of the triangular space?

Back 41

Scapular circumflex vessels

Front 42

What are the borders of the triangular interval?

Back 42

Triangular interval = lateral triangular space, lower triangular space, triceps hiatus

Boundaries:

Superior: Teres major

Medial: Long head of the triceps brachii

Lateral: Humerus

Front 43

What are the contents of the triangular interval?

Back 43

Radial nerve

Profunda brachii artery