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62 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What are the borders of the popliteal fossa? |
Superiomedial: Semimembranosus Superiolateral: Biceps femoris Inferiomedial: Medial head of gastrocnemius Inferiolateral: Lateral head of gastrocnemius and Plantaris
Floor: Posterior surface of knee joint capsule, posterior femur Roof: Popliteal fascia, skin |
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What are the contents of the popliteal fossa? |
Popliteal artery Popliteal vein Tibial nerve Common fibular nerve |
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What is the clinical relevance of the popliteal fossa? |
Site of palpable mass...
Baker's cyst - inflammation & swelling of the semimembranosus bursa
Popliteal aneurysm - can compress tibial nerve
Ddx: DVT, neoplasia |
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What are the muscles of the anterior compartment of the lower leg? |
Tibialis anterior Extensor digitorum longus Extensor hallucia longus Fibularis tertius |
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What are the actions, innervations and arterial supply of the muscles of the anterior compartment of the lower leg as a group? |
Actions: Dorsiflexion and inversion of the ankle
Innervation: Deep fibular nerve
Arterial supply: Anterior Tibial Artery |
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What are the attachments of the tibialis anterior? |
Origin: proximo-lateral surface of the tibia
Insertion: Medial surface of the medial cuniform and 1st meatarsal |
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What is the action of the tibialis anterior? |
Dorsiflexion and inversion of the foot |
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What is the innervation of the tibialis anterior? |
Deep fibular nerve |
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What is the arterial supply of the tibialis anterior? |
Anterior tibial artery |
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What are the attachments of the extensor digitorum longus? |
Origin: Lateral tibial condyle and medial fibula
Converges into a tendon
Insertion: Tendon splits into the extensor expansion, inserting into the bases and dorsal aponeuroses of the lateral 4 digits |
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What are the actions of the extensor digitorum longus? |
Extension of the lateral 4 toes at MTPJ & IPJs Dorsiflexion of the foot (talocrural joint) Eversion of the subtalar joint |
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What is the innervation of the extensor digitorum longus? |
Deep fibular nerve |
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What is the arterial supply of the extensor digitorum longus? |
Anterior tibial artery |
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What are the attachments of the extensor hallucis longus? |
Origin: Medial fibular shaft
Tendon crosses anterior to the ankle joint
Insertion: Base of the distal phalanx of the great toe |
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What is the action of the extensor hallucis longus? |
Extension great toe Ankle dorsiflexion |
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What is the innervation of the extensor hallucis longus? |
Deep fibular nerve |
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What is the arterial supply of the extensor hallucis longus? |
Anterior tibial artery |
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What are the attachments of the fibularis tertius? |
Arises from the inferior EDL, not present in all individuals
Origin: With the extensor digitorum longus from the medial fibula
Tendon descends with EDL until diverging at the dorsal surface of the foot
Insertion: 5th Metatarsal |
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What is the action of the fibularis tertius? |
Eversion and dorsiflexion of the foot |
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What is the innervation of the fibularis tertius? |
Deep fibular nerve |
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What is the arterial supply of the fibularis tertius? |
Anterior tibial artery |
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What are the muscles in the lateral compartment of the lower leg? |
Fibularis longus Fibularis brevis |
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What is the action and innervation of the muscles of the lateral lower leg as a group? |
Action: Eversion of the foot
Innervation: Superifical fibular nerve |
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What are the attachments of the fibularis longus? |
Origin: Lateral tibial condyle and superio-lateral proximal fibula
Fibres converge into a tendon, descending to the foot posterior to the malleolus before crossing under the foot
Insertion: Medial aspect of the medial cuneiform and base of 1st metatarsal |
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What are the actions of the fibularis longus? |
Eversion and plantarflexion of the foot Supports the lateral and transverse arches of the foot |
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What is the innervation of the fibularis longus? |
Superficial fibular nerve |
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What is the arterial supply of the fibularis longus? |
Fibular artery |
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What are the attachments of the fibularis brevis? |
Origin: Inferio-lateral fibular shaft
Insertion: Tubercle on 5th metatarsal |
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What is the action of the fibularis brevis? |
Eversion of the foot |
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What is the innervation of the fibularis brevis? |
Superficial fibular nerve |
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What is the arterial supply of the fibularis brevis? |
Fibular artery |
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What are the muscles in the posterior compartment of the lower leg? |
Superficial: Gastrocnemius, Plantaris, Soleus
Deep: Popliteus, Tibialis Posterior, Flexor Digitorum Longus, Flexor Hallucis Longus |
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What are the actions and innervation of the muscles of the posterior compartment of the lower leg as a group? |
Actions: Plantarflexion and inversion of the foot
Innervation: Tibial nerve |
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What mechanism reduces friction at the calcaneal tendon? |
Bursae: Subcutaneous calcaneal Bursa Deep bursa of the calcaneal tendon |
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What are the attachments of the gastrocnemius? |
Comprises of medial and lateral heads
Origin: Lateral head: lateral femoral condyle Medial head: medial femoral condyle
Insertion: Calcaneal tendon (with soleus, plantaris) -> calcaneus |
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What is the action of the gastrocnemius? |
Ankle plantarflexion Knee flexion |
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What is the innervation of the gastrocnemius? |
Tibial nerve |
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What is the arterial supply of the gastrocnemius? |
Sural arteries Posterior tibial artery |
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What are the attachments of the plantaris? |
Origin: Lateral supracondylar line of the femur
Insertion: Calcaneal tendon (with gastrocnemius, soleus) -> calcaneus
Absent in 10% people |
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What is the action of the plantaris? |
Ankle plantarflexion Knee flexion |
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What is the innervation of the plantaris? |
Tibial nerve |
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What is the arterial supply of the plantaris? |
Popliteal artery |
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What are the attachments of the soleus? |
Origin: Soleal line of the tibia and proximal fibula
Insertion: Calcaneal tendon (with gastrocnemius, plantaris) -> calcaneus |
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What is the action of the soleus? |
Ankle plantarflexion |
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What is the innervation of the soleus? |
Tibial nerve |
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What is the arterial supply of the soleus? |
Posterior tibial artery |
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What are the attachments of the popliteus? |
Origin: Posterior proximal tibia
Insertion: Lateral condyle of the femur |
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What is the action of the popliteus? |
Lateral rotation of the femur on the tibia, unlocking the joint so that knee flexion can occur |
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What is the innervation of the popliteus? |
Tibial nerve |
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What is the arterial supply of the popliteus? |
Popliteal artery |
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What are the attachments of the tibialis posterior? |
Origin: Interosseous membrane between the tibia and fibula and posterior surface of the bones
Insertion: Plantar surfaces of the medial tarsal bones (navicular tuberosity, medial cuneiform, bases 2nd-4th metatarsals) |
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What is the action of the tibialis posterior? |
Inversion and plantarflexion of the foot Maintains the medial arch of the foot |
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What is the innervation of the tibialis posterior? |
Tibial nerve |
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What is the arterial supply of the tibialis posterior? |
Fibular artery Posterior Tibial artery |
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What are the attachments of the flexor digitorum longus? |
Origin: Medial tibia
Insertion: Plantar surface of the bases of the distal palanges of the lateral 4 digits |
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What is the action of the flexor digitorum longus? |
Flexion lateral 4 toes |
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What is the innervation of the flexor digitorum longus? |
Tibial nerve |
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What is the arterial supply of the flexor digitorum longus? |
Posterior Tibial artery |
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What are the attachments of the flexor hallucis longus? |
NB: Lateral side of the leg, ie: opposite the great toe
Origin: Posterior fibula
Insertion: Plantar surface of the distal phalanx of the great toe |
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What is the action of the flexor hallucis longus? |
Flexion great toe |
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What is the innervation of the flexor hallucis longus? |
Tibial nerve |
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What is the blood supply of the flexor hallucis longus? |
Fibular artery Tibial artery |