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62 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

What are the borders of the popliteal fossa?

Superiomedial: Semimembranosus


Superiolateral: Biceps femoris


Inferiomedial: Medial head of gastrocnemius


Inferiolateral: Lateral head of gastrocnemius and Plantaris



Floor: Posterior surface of knee joint capsule, posterior femur


Roof: Popliteal fascia, skin

What are the contents of the popliteal fossa?

Popliteal artery


Popliteal vein


Tibial nerve


Common fibular nerve

What is the clinical relevance of the popliteal fossa?

Site of palpable mass...



Baker's cyst - inflammation & swelling of the semimembranosus bursa



Popliteal aneurysm - can compress tibial nerve



Ddx: DVT, neoplasia

What are the muscles of the anterior compartment of the lower leg?

Tibialis anterior


Extensor digitorum longus


Extensor hallucia longus


Fibularis tertius

What are the actions, innervations and arterial supply of the muscles of the anterior compartment of the lower leg as a group?

Actions: Dorsiflexion and inversion of the ankle



Innervation: Deep fibular nerve



Arterial supply: Anterior Tibial Artery

What are the attachments of the tibialis anterior?

Origin: proximo-lateral surface of the tibia



Insertion: Medial surface of the medial cuniform and 1st meatarsal

What is the action of the tibialis anterior?

Dorsiflexion and inversion of the foot

What is the innervation of the tibialis anterior?

Deep fibular nerve

What is the arterial supply of the tibialis anterior?

Anterior tibial artery

What are the attachments of the extensor digitorum longus?

Origin: Lateral tibial condyle and medial fibula



Converges into a tendon



Insertion: Tendon splits into the extensor expansion, inserting into the bases and dorsal aponeuroses of the lateral 4 digits

What are the actions of the extensor digitorum longus?

Extension of the lateral 4 toes at MTPJ & IPJs


Dorsiflexion of the foot (talocrural joint)


Eversion of the subtalar joint

What is the innervation of the extensor digitorum longus?

Deep fibular nerve

What is the arterial supply of the extensor digitorum longus?

Anterior tibial artery

What are the attachments of the extensor hallucis longus?

Origin: Medial fibular shaft



Tendon crosses anterior to the ankle joint



Insertion: Base of the distal phalanx of the great toe

What is the action of the extensor hallucis longus?

Extension great toe


Ankle dorsiflexion

What is the innervation of the extensor hallucis longus?

Deep fibular nerve

What is the arterial supply of the extensor hallucis longus?

Anterior tibial artery

What are the attachments of the fibularis tertius?

Arises from the inferior EDL, not present in all individuals



Origin: With the extensor digitorum longus from the medial fibula



Tendon descends with EDL until diverging at the dorsal surface of the foot



Insertion: 5th Metatarsal

What is the action of the fibularis tertius?

Eversion and dorsiflexion of the foot

What is the innervation of the fibularis tertius?

Deep fibular nerve

What is the arterial supply of the fibularis tertius?

Anterior tibial artery

What are the muscles in the lateral compartment of the lower leg?

Fibularis longus


Fibularis brevis

What is the action and innervation of the muscles of the lateral lower leg as a group?

Action: Eversion of the foot



Innervation: Superifical fibular nerve

What are the attachments of the fibularis longus?

Origin: Lateral tibial condyle and superio-lateral proximal fibula



Fibres converge into a tendon, descending to the foot posterior to the malleolus before crossing under the foot



Insertion: Medial aspect of the medial cuneiform and base of 1st metatarsal

What are the actions of the fibularis longus?

Eversion and plantarflexion of the foot


Supports the lateral and transverse arches of the foot

What is the innervation of the fibularis longus?

Superficial fibular nerve

What is the arterial supply of the fibularis longus?

Fibular artery

What are the attachments of the fibularis brevis?

Origin: Inferio-lateral fibular shaft



Insertion: Tubercle on 5th metatarsal

What is the action of the fibularis brevis?

Eversion of the foot

What is the innervation of the fibularis brevis?

Superficial fibular nerve

What is the arterial supply of the fibularis brevis?

Fibular artery

What are the muscles in the posterior compartment of the lower leg?

Superficial:


Gastrocnemius, Plantaris, Soleus



Deep:


Popliteus, Tibialis Posterior, Flexor Digitorum Longus, Flexor Hallucis Longus

What are the actions and innervation of the muscles of the posterior compartment of the lower leg as a group?

Actions: Plantarflexion and inversion of the foot



Innervation: Tibial nerve

What mechanism reduces friction at the calcaneal tendon?

Bursae:


Subcutaneous calcaneal Bursa


Deep bursa of the calcaneal tendon

What are the attachments of the gastrocnemius?

Comprises of medial and lateral heads



Origin:


Lateral head: lateral femoral condyle


Medial head: medial femoral condyle



Insertion: Calcaneal tendon (with soleus, plantaris) -> calcaneus

What is the action of the gastrocnemius?

Ankle plantarflexion


Knee flexion

What is the innervation of the gastrocnemius?

Tibial nerve

What is the arterial supply of the gastrocnemius?

Sural arteries


Posterior tibial artery

What are the attachments of the plantaris?

Origin: Lateral supracondylar line of the femur



Insertion: Calcaneal tendon (with gastrocnemius, soleus) -> calcaneus



Absent in 10% people

What is the action of the plantaris?

Ankle plantarflexion


Knee flexion

What is the innervation of the plantaris?

Tibial nerve

What is the arterial supply of the plantaris?

Popliteal artery

What are the attachments of the soleus?

Origin: Soleal line of the tibia and proximal fibula



Insertion: Calcaneal tendon (with gastrocnemius, plantaris) -> calcaneus

What is the action of the soleus?

Ankle plantarflexion

What is the innervation of the soleus?

Tibial nerve

What is the arterial supply of the soleus?

Posterior tibial artery

What are the attachments of the popliteus?

Origin: Posterior proximal tibia



Insertion: Lateral condyle of the femur

What is the action of the popliteus?

Lateral rotation of the femur on the tibia, unlocking the joint so that knee flexion can occur

What is the innervation of the popliteus?

Tibial nerve

What is the arterial supply of the popliteus?

Popliteal artery

What are the attachments of the tibialis posterior?

Origin: Interosseous membrane between the tibia and fibula and posterior surface of the bones



Insertion: Plantar surfaces of the medial tarsal bones (navicular tuberosity, medial cuneiform, bases 2nd-4th metatarsals)

What is the action of the tibialis posterior?

Inversion and plantarflexion of the foot


Maintains the medial arch of the foot

What is the innervation of the tibialis posterior?

Tibial nerve

What is the arterial supply of the tibialis posterior?

Fibular artery


Posterior Tibial artery

What are the attachments of the flexor digitorum longus?

Origin: Medial tibia



Insertion: Plantar surface of the bases of the distal palanges of the lateral 4 digits

What is the action of the flexor digitorum longus?

Flexion lateral 4 toes

What is the innervation of the flexor digitorum longus?

Tibial nerve

What is the arterial supply of the flexor digitorum longus?

Posterior Tibial artery

What are the attachments of the flexor hallucis longus?

NB: Lateral side of the leg, ie: opposite the great toe



Origin: Posterior fibula



Insertion: Plantar surface of the distal phalanx of the great toe

What is the action of the flexor hallucis longus?

Flexion great toe

What is the innervation of the flexor hallucis longus?

Tibial nerve

What is the blood supply of the flexor hallucis longus?

Fibular artery


Tibial artery