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50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Abduction
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Movement of a body part away from the midline of the body.
Opposite of Adduction |
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Abrasion
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A scraping away of a portion of the skin or mucous membrane
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Acclimatization
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To become familiar with a new enviornment
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Acetylcholine
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A white crystalline neurotransmitter and derivative of choline that is released at the end of nerve fibers in the somatic and parasympathetic nervous systems and is involved in the transmission of nerve impulses in the body
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Actin
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One of the two primary contractile proteins in myofibril
The other is myosin |
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Active (dynamic) stretching
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A stretching of muscle and tissue that requires agonist muscle contraction through a range of motion. No outside force is involved.
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Active isolated stretching (AIS)
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Stretches are held very briefly in sets of a specific number of repetitions, with the goal of isolating an individual muscle in each set
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Active recovery
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Stretching or exercising other body parts between sets
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Acute
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A rapid onset and a relatively short and severe course; opposite of chronic
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Adduction
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Movement of a body part towards the midline of the body; opposite of abduction
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Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
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A high-energy phosphate molecule required to provide energy for cellular function. Produced both aerobically and anaerobically, and stored in the body
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Adherence
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Commitment to a regement
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Adipose tissue
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Fatty tissue
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Aerobic
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With, or in the presence of, oxygen
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Aerobic cross training
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Combination of various aerobic exercises
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Aerobic system
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The metabolic pathways that, in the presence of oxygen, use glucose for energy production; also known as aerobic glycolysis
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Agonist
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A muscle that is directly engaged in contraction; opposes the action of an antagonist muscle
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All-or-none principle
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The principle of muscle contraction that states that when a motor unit is activated, all the muscle fibers will maximally contract
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Amenorrhea
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The absence of menstruation
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Amino acids
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Nitrogen-containing compounds that are the building blocks of proteins
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Anabolic (androgenic) steroids
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Synthetic testosterone
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Anaerobic
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Without the presence of oxygen; not requiring oxygen
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Anaerobic glycolysis
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The metabolic pathway that uses glucose for energy production without requiring oxygen. Sometimes referred to as the lactic acid system or anaerobic glucose system, it produces lactic acid as a byproduct
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Anaerobic threshold
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The point during high intensity activity when the body can no longer meet its demand for oxygen and anaerobic metabolism predominates; also called lactate threshold
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Anatomical position
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Standing erect with the feet and palms facing forward
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Anemic
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Definciency in red blood cells or hemoglobin in the blood
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Angina
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Pain originating from the heart that is characterized by a substantial \"pressure\" sensation within the chest, commonly radiating down the arm, up into the jaw, or to another site. Generally caused by decreased blood flow to the coronary arteries supplying oxygen to the myocardium (heart muscle) due to partial occlusion from plaque or clot formation or spasm of the artery itself. Often aggravated or induced by exercise or stress (emotional or environmental); also called angina pectoris
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Anorexia nervosa
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Anorexia
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Antagonists
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The muscle that acts in opposition to the action produced by an agonist muscle
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Antecedent
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The stimuli that precedes a given behavior; sometimes referred to as a cue or a trigger
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Antecubital space
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The space just in front of the cubits (elbow)
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Anterior
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Anatomical term meaning towards the front. Same as ventral; opposite of posterior
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Anthropometric assessments
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Measurement and analysis of parts of the human body. Examples include skinfold, girth, and body weight
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Antiatherogenic diet
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A diet designed to minimise atherosclerosis, usually one that is low in cholesterol and saturated fat
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Antioxidants
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Substances that boost the body's defense against excessive numbers of unstable oxygen molecules (free radicals) to prevent them from causing damage. Five nutrients have been identified as having antioxidant properties: beta carotene, vitamin C, vitamin E, sulfur, and selenium
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Aponeurosis
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A white, flatten, tendinous expansion that mainly serves to connect a muscle to the parts that it moves
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Arrhythmia
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Abnormal heart rhythm or beat
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Arteries
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Vessels that carry oxygenated blood from the heart to the tissues
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Arterioles
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Smaller divisions of the arteries
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Arthritis
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Inflammatory condition involving a joint
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Articulation
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Place of union or junction between two or more bones
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Associative stage of learning
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The second stage of learning a motor skill when performers have mastered the fundamentals and can concentrate on skill refinement
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Assumption of risk
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A legal defense used to show that a person understood the possible occurrence of known dangers of a specific activity and chose to participate anyway
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Asthma
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A disease of the pulmonary system characterized by episodes of dyspnea (difficulty breathing) due to narrowing of the airways from constriction of bronchial smooth muscle and overproduction of mucus
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Asymptomatic
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Without obvious symptoms
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Atherosclerosis
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A specific form of cardiovascular disease characterized by the Accumulation of fatty material on the inner walls of the arteries, causing them to harden, thicken, and lose elasticity
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ATP
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Adenosine triphosphate
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ATP-CP energy system
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Creatine phosphate system
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Atria
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The two (left and right) upper chambers of the heart (singular: atrium)
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Atrophy
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A decrease in the cross-sectional size of a muscle resulting from inactivity or immobilization following injury
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