Acc 340 Final

Front 1

Ad Hoc querying

Back 1

direct retrieval of information by end-users from a database whereby the retrieval was not planned (i.e. no pre-formulated queries or interfaces were developed in anticipation of needing the information)

Front 2

Aggregation function

Back 2

a mathematical operation used in querying to summarize information within a single column; also called a vertical calculations

Front 3

Comparison operator

Back 3

in querying, operators used to compare a variable to a value; common comparison are less than, equal to, greater than or equal to and less than or equal to

Front 4

Data manipulation

Back 4

the specification of operations to be preformed on one or more data fields to obtain additional information; may create aggregations, horizontal calculations, subset selections, etc.

Front 5

Data type (field property)

Back 5

specification as to what kind of data values may be entered into a database table's column

Front 6

Database window

Back 6

a screen that depicts the components of the selected database.

Front 7

datasheet view

Back 7

a mode that presents a relational table or a query result in row/column format

Front 8

design view

Back 8

for relational tables, a mode that displays details about the fields of a table and allows the user to specify various design parameters such as which fields comprise the primary key, whether a field is set to required to data entry, and the data type for a field; for queries, a mode the depicts the logic of a query in QBE format

Front 9

dynaset

Back 9

a query's result; looks and behaves like a table but is not actually stored as a table, it is generated as a view each time the query is run

Front 10

enforce referential integrity

Back 10

a choice is selected in the relationship layout to determine whether the referential integrity principle will be forced in a relationship between two tables as the users enter data into the database

Front 11

equi-join

Back 11

a join that combines the tables together based on a common attribute, keeping only those rows for which data values of the common attribute match exactly; also called an inner join

Front 12

expression builder

Back 12

an application within Microsoft access that assists the user in creating horizontal calculations within queries.

Front 13

field property

Back 13

defines the type of data allowed to be entered into a column of a database table

Front 14

group by

Back 14

a querying function used to create subgroups to which aggregations may be applied; a means for creating subtotals.

Front 15

horizontal calculation

Back 15

a row computation in a query that combines data from two or more separate columns of one or more tables

Front 16

horizontal subset of a table

Back 16

a part of a table that includes only some of the tables rows, but includes all the columns

Front 17

information retrieval

Back 17

repossession or capture of data that was previously entered into a database or other data storage structure

Front 18

inner join

Back 18

a join that combines the tables together based on a common attribute, keeping only those rows for which the data values of common attribute match exactly; also called an equi-join

Front 19

join

Back 19

to combine separate but related tables by linking them on their common attributes; one of the three primary relational algebra operators discussed

Front 20

join properties window

Back 20

a screen that appears when a user double clicks on a join line to reveal whether the join is an inner join, a left join, or a right join, a user an change the join type in this window

Front 21

left join

Back 21

a combination of tables based on a common attribute that includes unmatched records from the first table in the join and does not include unmatched records from the second table in the join; is a partial outer join

Front 22

logical operator

Back 22

Boolean search terms used in queries to define which records are included in the query result; Examples include AND, OR, and NOT

Front 23

mathematical operations

Back 23

a calculation that manipulates data values

Front 24

outer join

Back 24

a combination of tables based on a common attribute that includes unmatched records from both sides, accomplishes a set union of the tables

Front 25

parameter query

Back 25

a query in which variables are used in lieu of data values as a part of the query is run, thereby allowing re-use of the same query many times for different decisions

Front 26

physical database implementation

Back 26

a working database system; is dependent on the hardware software, and type of software chosen during the design stages

Front 27

posted key

Back 27

an attribute of a database table that is added to another database table to create a link between tables

Front 28

project

Back 28

a relational algebra operator that specifies a vertical subset to be included in the query result

Front 29

query

Back 29

a request for information submitted to a database engine

Front 30

Query by Example

Back 30

a type of query interface intended to be more 'point and click' in nature than is SQL; in this interface the user creates visual example of what tables and fields should be included in a query and specifies any calculations to be included

Front 31

query grid

Back 31

the lower half of the QBE view into which fields are dragged and in which aggregations or horizontal calculations may be created to establish the desired logic for query

Front 32

query window

Back 32

the screen in which queries are created; users may toggle back and forth between QBE design, SQL design. and datasheet views within the query window

Front 33

relational algebra

Back 33

the original data manipulation languauge that was constructed based on set theory and predicate logic as part of the relational database model; primary operators include select, project, and join

Front 34

relationship layout

Back 34

a window in which relationships between tables are visually depicted

Front 35

required data entry (field property)

Back 35

a choice is specified in table design view; a user will not be allowed to enter a record into a table without including a value for any field for which this property is set to 'yes'; a user may leave any field except the primary key blank for which this property is not set to 'yes'

Front 36

right join

Back 36

a combination of tables based on a common attribute that includes unmatched records from the second table in the join and does not include unmatched records from the first table in the join; partial outer join

Front 37

select

Back 37

a relational algebra operator that specifies a horizontal subset to be included in the query result

Front 38

select-from-where

Back 38

the format of SQL queries; the select clause specifies a vertical subset to be included in the query result; the from clause specifies which table are to be queried and any sub-grouping to be done; the where clause specifies a horizontal subset to be included in the query result

Front 39

show table window

Back 39

a screen from which users may choose which table to include in the relationship layout or in a query

Front 40

SQL view

Back 40

a mode for viewing the underlying SQL statement for a query; even if a query was created in QBE mode, Microsoft generates a corresponding SQL statement that the user may view to evaluate\ the query's logic

Front 41

Structured Query Language (SQL)

Back 41

a query language developed to enable the performance of multiple operations in a single query and to use a standard format for every query statement to simplify the task of query development

Front 42

syntax

Back 42

the formatting rules of a query language

Front 43

vertical calculation

Back 43

a computation that is summarization of data values within is single column, also called aggregation function.

Front 44

vertical subset of table

Back 44

a part of a table that include only some of the tables columns (but not include all the rows)

Front 45

agent queries

Back 45

queries that involve single tables containing data that describes internal and external agents; typically such queries are used to list one or more internal and external agents who possess one or more specific characteristics

Front 46

data constraint

Back 46

a restriction placed on a date field in a query to limit the query rrsults to include only records for which the data values meet the restriction

Front 47

duality association queries

Back 47

queries that involve the tables that comprise a relationship between an economic decrement and an economic increment even such as that between a sale and cash reciept or between cash disbursement and purchase; typically such queries are used to identify incomplete exchanges or to calculate dollar vales of claims of accounts receivable

Front 48

event queries

Back 48

queries that involve single tables containing data that describes events; typically such queries are used to list one or more events that meet specific criteria

Front 49

fulfillment association queries

Back 49

queries that involve the tables that comprise a relationship either between an instigation event and a commitment event and an economic event; typically such queries are used to identify or to calculate total values of unfulfilled items such as open purchase requisitions, open purchase orders, etc

Front 50

null to zero function

Back 50

a Microsoft access procedure used in querying that treats null values as if they are zeros

Front 51

outer join

Back 51

a combination of tables based on a common attribute that includes unmatched records from both side; accomplishes a set union of the tables

Front 52

parameter query

Back 52

a query in which variables are used in lieu of data values as part of the query's selection criteria; allows the user to specify the data value to be used each time the query is run, thereby allowing re-use of the same query many times for different decisions

Front 53

participation association query

Back 53

queries that involve the tables that comprise a relationship between an event and an agent; typically such queries are used to identify information about the agents who participated in an event or to aggregate event data by agent

Front 54

proposition association queries

Back 54

queries that involve the tables that comprise a relationship between an instigation event and a resource or resource type; typically such queries are used to list the quantities or dollar values of the items included in the event or aggregate them for a time period

Front 55

reservation association queries

Back 55

queries that involve the tables that comprise a relationship between a commitment event and a resource or resource type; typically such queries are used to list the quantities or dollar values of the items included in an event or time period

Front 56

resource queries

Back 56

queries that involve single tables containing data that describes resources or resource types; typically such queries are used to identify one or more resources that possess specific characteristics

Front 57

reversal association queries

Back 57

queries that involve the tables that comprise a relationship between an economic event and a reversal event that negates part of all of the economic event; typically such queries are used to identify or aggregate the net event activity

Front 58

stockflow association queries

Back 58

queries that involve the tables that comprise a relationship between an economic event or a reversal event and a resource or a resource type; typically such queries are used to list the quantities or dollar values of the items included in the event or to aggregate them for a time period

Front 59

weighted average unit cost

Back 59

an inventory costing method that divides the total cost of each type of item available for sale by the total quantity available; that unit cost is multiplied by the quantity sold during a time to derive cost of goods sold and that unit cost is multiplied by the quantity on hand to get the cost balance of ending inventory

Front 60

abstraction

Back 60

the ignoring or hiding of details to capture some kind of commonality between different instances. Examples in conceptual modeling include generalization and typification

Front 61

accountability infrastructure

Back 61

in the REA ontology, the economic and commitment activities that actually have happened

Front 62

generalization

Back 62

the abstraction from a class of objects to a super class (less detailed, higher level) via the creation of an "is-a" relationship between the subclass and the superclass.

Front 63

policy infrastructure

Back 63

in the REA ontology, the economic and commitment activities that should, could, or must happen in a company. The policy infrastructure reflects the results of planning and control efforts by the enterprise management

Front 64

typification

Back 64

representation as a category or type rather than as a individual instance

Front 65

bill of materials

Back 65

a document that identifies the types and quantities of raw materials needed to create a finished good item; similar to the ingredient list of a recipe

Front 66

consume stockflow association

Back 66

a relationship between a resource and an economic decrement whereby the resource is partially used up by the decrement but still exists when the decrement is complete

Front 67

conversion cycle

Back 67

transaction cycle in which materials, labor, machinery, and other resources are transformed into finished goods or services; also called the manufacturing cycle or production cycle

Front 68

duality association

Back 68

the casual link between a give event and a take even (economic decrement and an economic increment event)

Front 69

economic decrement event

Back 69

an event that decreases one or more resources

Front 70

economic increment event

Back 70

an event that increases one or more resources

Front 71

equipment

Back 71

a resource that gets partially consumed in machine operations in the conversion cycle

Front 72

finished goods

Back 72

the resource produced in a production run event in the conversion cycle; the type of inventory into which raw materials, labor, and equipment are transformed

Front 73

fulfillment association

Back 73

relationship between instigation and commitment events whereby the commitment events fulfill the instigation events AND relationship between commitment and economic events whereby the economic events fulfill the commitment events

Front 74

job time ticket

Back 74

a document that indicates starting and stopping time and descriptions for labor operations performed on a specific date by a specific employee; the documents number often serves as the identifier of the labor operation event; also called a time track document

Front 75

labor operation

Back 75

an economic decrement event that uses up the employee labor resource

Front 76

labor type

Back 76

a resource type class that represents a list of kinds of labor activities that can be preformed in labor operations

Front 77

linkage association

Back 77

relationship between two resource types to represent the fact that one of the resource types is composed of the other; in the conversion cycle this provides a means for identifying the materials a finished good is composed of, the types of labor that are needed to produce a finished goods, and the types of equipment that are needed to produce a finished good. A bill of materials shows this linkage between materials and finished goods.

Front 78

machine operation

Back 78

economic decrement event that partially consumes a machine in the conversion cycle

Front 79

move ticket

Back 79

document typically used in the conversion cycle to indicate the actual use of raw materials

Front 80

operations list

Back 80

document that identifies the labor types needed to create a finished good; captures the same information as the linkage relationship between labor types and finished goods.

Front 81

participation association

Back 81

relationship between an event and an internal and external agent

Front 82

production employee

Back 82

internal agent involved in labor operations and production runs in the conversion process; a worker who participates in the manufacture of finished goods.

Front 83

production order (document)

Back 83

document that captures information about a production order event and also often is used to record information about the resulting production run

Front 84

production order (event)

Back 84

event that represents the enterprises commitment to engage in a future economic increment event (production run) that will increase the finished goods resource

Front 85

production run

Back 85

economic increment event that increases the quantity of a finished goods resource/ resource type

Front 86

production supervisor

Back 86

internal agent who authorizes events in the conversion cycle

Front 87

raw materials issuance

Back 87

econcomic decrement event involving the using up of raw materials in the production process; the raw materials are usually transformed into finished goods and lose their own identity and nature in the process; also called material issuance

Front 88

raw material requisition

Back 88

commitment event whereby the inventory clerk or warehouse supervisor commits to the production supervisor to transfer materials from the materials warehouse to the production floor; assumes raw materials are available within the enterprise and reserves them for use.

Front 89

raw materials

Back 89

input resource in the conversion process that is completely used up in the transformation to finished goods; also called materials

Front 90

reciprocal association

Back 90

relationship between a commitment to an economic increment event and a commitment event to an economic decrement event; the commitment level equivalent of duality in the conversion cycle represents a schedule of what is to be produced and what will need to be used and consumed in the production process

Front 91

reservation association

Back 91

relationship between a commitment event and a resource or resource type; often specifies quantity and budget cost or selling price for the resources involved in the agreement

Front 92

transfer duality association

Back 92

relationship between economic increment and economic decrement events in which the decremented resources are traded for the incremented resources

Front 93

transformation duality association

Back 93

relationship between economic increment and economic decrement event in which the decremented resources are converted into incremented resources

Front 94

use stockflow association

Back 94

relationship between a resource and an economic decrement event whereby the resources is completely subsumed by the decrement; i.e. the resource is completely used up