Acc 325 - Chapter 9

Front 1

Search warrant
(3)

Back 1

1. A written order issued by a judge or magistrate
2. describes the place to be searched as well as the things to be seized
3. usually issued for the search of a premis, person, or vehicle

Front 2

Generally, search warrants are issued based on...

Back 2

evidence gathered by the investigator while conducting the investigation

Front 3

This evidence must establish...

Back 3

that a crime has been or will be committed

Front 4

Search warrant for financial records
(2)

Back 4

1. specialized form of search warrant
2. directs a law enforcement officer to search for financial documents or records

Front 5

A judge or magistrate will issue a search warrant only after a finding of ...

Back 5

probably cause

Front 6

Meaning of probable cause

Back 6

All the facts and circumstances within the knowledge o the investigator about a criminal actiity that can be considered reasonable and trustworthy

Front 7

When developing probable cause, must remember:
(2)

Back 7

1. probable cause must be current
2. probable cause must be reasonable and trustworthy to a degree sufficient to ensure that a reasonable person will believe that a crime has been or will be committed and tha the evidence sought exists in the place to be searched

Front 8

Affidavit

Back 8

To convince a judge or magistrate that probable cause exists, an investigator prepares a sworn statement called an affidavit

Front 9

An affidavit includes:

Back 9

1. affiant's experience
2. account of criminal activity
3. description of place(s) to be searched
4. financial evidence
5. items to be searched/seized
6. conclusions based on the affiant's experience

Front 10

Undercover operation
(df)

Back 10

Individuals assume an identity other than their own in order to gather information relating to criminal violations

Front 11

Objectives of undercover operations
(12)

Back 11

1. Observe & attend planning sessions for future crimes
2. Identify unknown subjects
3. Purchase contraband
4. Identify fruits of criminal activity
5. Develop information related to past crime(s)
6. Locate violation sites
7. Identify co-conspirators and potential witnesses
8. Obtain probable cause for search & arrest warrants
9. Check the reliability of informants
10. Corroborate witness’s statements
11. Locate contraband & weapons
12. Obtain information related to purchases & expenditures

Front 12

Surveillance

Back 12

Secretive observation of persons, places and things – in order to obtain information about individuals suspected of violating criminal laws

Front 13

Objectives of surveillance
(8)

Back 13

1. Obtain evidence of a crime
2. Obtain probable cause for search and arrest warrants
3. Identify subject’s associates and/or coconspirators
4. Arrest violators during the commission of a crime
5. Develop investigative leads
6. Provide protection and corroboration for undercover agents
7. Locate persons and things
8. Gather intelligence

Front 14

Types of surveillance
(3)

Back 14

1. stationary
2. moving
3. electronic

Front 15

Stationary surveillance

Back 15

Where neither the suspect nor the agent maintaing the surveillance is mobile
*also called stakeout
ex. sitting in an unmarked car and watching a house

Front 16

Moving surveillance

Back 16

Where the suspect does not remain in one position
ex. following a suspect in an automobile

Front 17

Electronic surveillance

Back 17

Ex. Secretly take recording incriminating conversations or planting electronic tracking devices on cars

Front 18

Informant

Back 18

Individuals who provide information to law enforcement relating to criminal activity

Front 19

Role of trash in investigations

Back 19

Gathered to identify leads and evidence related to criminal activity

Front 20

Supreme court ruling on trash

Back 20

Supreme court rule that police may freely rummage through ordinary household trash left at a curbside without obtaining a search warrant

Front 21

But, can't violate the suspect's curtilage

Back 21

Curtilage refers to the area inside the boundary of a person's residence or business loaction, which has been marked off by any number of mandmad or naturally occurring devices (ex. fence, sidewalk, tree lines). Can't take trash from within this area

Front 22

Mail covers
(2)

Back 22

1, investigator, with help of US postal service) can make a record of the outside of any mail (mail cover)
2. Provides return addresses and postmarks for all mail being delivered to a particular address

Front 23

Forensic science

Back 23

The application of scientific techniques to legal matters, in particulra to investigations of criminal activities

Front 24

Types of forensic analysis
(6)

Back 24

1. handwriting analysis
2. typewriter analysis
3. alteration analysis
4. ink analysis
5. paper analysis
6. document restoration

Front 25

Computers
(3)

Back 25

1. Data bases
2. Address/mailing lists
3. Printouts

Front 26

Link analysis
(df)

Back 26

1. a technique for evaluating, integrating, and presenting complex information by taking bits of information collected from various sources and putting them together to show patterns and meaning

Front 27

Link analysis provides...

Back 27

a graphic picture of associations and relationships among various persons and organizations

Front 28

Link analysis is ideally suited for showing the associations among identifiers such as:
(5)

Back 28

1. telephone numbers
2. vehicle license plates
3. aircraft/boat/vehicle registration numbers
4. property ownership
5. financial transactions