Acb Attachments, Insertions, Functions

Front 1

Masseter

Back 1

Origin: Zygomatic arch

Insertion; mandible

Function: Elevates jaw

Front 2

Temporalis:

Back 2

Origin:Temopral bone

Insertions: coronoid process

Function: elevates mandible

Front 3

Multifidus

Back 3

Origin:Sacrum

Insertions: Spinous process of 3rd or 4th vertebra

Function:Extends vertebral column

Front 4

Interspinales

Back 4

Origin:SPinous process of each vertebra

Insertions: Spinous process of vertebra

Function:extends vertebral column

Front 5

Intertranseversarii

Back 5

Origin: Transverseprocess of each vertebra

Insertions: Transverse process of mmore vertebra

Function: Lateral flexion of vertebral column

Front 6

Quadratus laborum

Back 6

Origin: Iliac crest

Insertions:Last rib

Function: Depress ribs

Front 7

Superior serratus posterior

Back 7

Origin:Spinous processes of C7-T3

Insertions: Superior border of ribs

Function: elevates ribs

Front 8

INferior serratus posterior

Back 8

Origin: Spinous process of T11

Insertions:Inferior borders of ribs

Function:pulls ribs down

Front 9

External oblique

Back 9

Origin: borders of ribs

Insertions: Iliac crest

Function:compress abdomen

Front 10

Internal oblique

Back 10

Origin: Iliac crest

Insertions: Rib 12

Function:compress abdomen

Front 11

Transversus abdominus

Back 11

Origin: Cartilege of ribs

Insertions: pubis

Function: Compress abdomen

Front 12

Rectus abdominus

Back 12

Origin: Superior surface of Pubis

Insertions: Xiphoid process

Function:Depress ribs

Front 13

Levator Scapulae

Back 13

Origin: Transverse process of Cervical vertebra

Insertions: Superior angle

Function: its in the name u goof

Front 14

Pectoralis minor

Back 14

Origin: Anterior surface of ribs

Insertions: coracoid process

Function:Depresses and contracts shoulders

Front 15

Rhomboid major

Back 15

Origin: Spinous process of t2-t5

Insertions: Vertebral border of scapula

Function:Adducts and downward rotation of scapula

Front 16

Rhomboid minor

Back 16

Origin: Spinous process of C7-T1

Insertions: Vertebral border of scapula

Function:adduction and downward rotation of scapula

Front 17

Serratus anterior

Back 17

Origin: Anterior margins of ribs 1-10

Insertions: Vertebral border of scapula

Function:Protracts shoulder

Front 18

Trapezius

Back 18

Origin:Occipital bone

Insertions:Clavicle and scapula

Function: Elevate retract or depress scapula

Front 19

Coracobrachialis

Back 19

Origin: Coracoid process

Insertions: Humerus

Function:Adduction of shoulder

Front 20

Deltoid

Back 20

Origin: Clavicle and Scapula

Insertions: Deltoid tuberosity

Function:Abduction of Shoulder

Front 21

Suprapinatus

Back 21

Origin: Supraspinous fossa

Insertions: Greater tubercle

Function:Abduction of shoulder

Front 22

Infraspinatus

Back 22

Origin: Infraspinous fossa

Insertions: Greater tubercle

Function:rotation of shoulder

Front 23

Subscapularis

Back 23

Origin: Subscapular fossa

Insertions: lesser tubercle

Function:rotation of shoulder

Front 24

Teres major

Back 24

Origin: INf. angle of scapula

Insertions: intertubercular suclcus

Function: Extension and rotation of shoulder

Front 25

Teres minor

Back 25

Origin: Lat border of scapula

Insertions: Greater tubercle

Function:rotation and adduction of the shoulder

Front 26

Latissimus dorsi

Back 26

Origin: Lumbar verterbrae

Insertions: Intertubercular sulcus

Function:Extension adduction rotation of shoulder

Front 27

Pectoralis major

Back 27

Origin: Cartileges of ribs 2-6

Insertions: Greater tubercle

Function:flexion adduction and rotation of shoulder

Front 28

Biceps brachii

Back 28

Origin: coracoid process, supragleoid tubercle

Insertions:Radial tuberosity

Function:flexion at elbow and shoulder , supination

Front 29

Brachialis

Back 29

Origin: humerus

Insertions: Ulnar tuberosity

Function:flexion at elbow

Front 30

Brachioradialis

Back 30

Origin: Lateral epicondyle of humerus

Insertions:Radius

Function:flex elbow

Front 31

Anconeus

Back 31

Origin:Lateral epicondyle of humerus

Insertions: olecranon and ulnar shaft

Function:extends elbow

Front 32

Triceps Lateral head, long head and medial head

Back 32

Origin: Long head: Scapula SHort and meadial head:Humerus

Insertions:Olecranon

Function:Extends elbow

Front 33

Pronator quadratus

Back 33

Origin: Distal ulna

Insertions: Distal radius

Function:Pronate forearm

Front 34

Pronator teres

Back 34

Origin: Medial epicondyle of humerus

Insertions: Lateral surface of radius

Function: pronation and flexion of elbow

Front 35

Supinator

Back 35

Origin: Lateral epicondyle of humerus

Insertions:radius

Function:supinates forearm

Front 36

Flexor carpi radialis

Back 36

Origin: Medial epicondyle of humerus

Insertions:metacrpals

Function: flexion and abduction of wrist

Front 37

Flexor carpi ulnaris

Back 37

Origin: Medial epicondyle of humerus

Insertions: pisiform, hamate

Function:flexion and adduction at wrist

Front 38

Palmaris longus

Back 38

Origin:medial epicondyle of humerus

Insertions: palmar aperneurosis

Function: flexion at wrist

Front 39

Extensor carpi radialis

Back 39

Origin:Lateral supracondylar ridge

Insertions:2nd metacarpal

Function:extend abduct wrists

Front 40

Extensor carpi ulnaris

Back 40

Origin:Lat epicondyle of humerus

Insertions:5th metacarpal bone

Function:extension and adduction at wrist

Front 41

Abductor pollicis longus

Back 41

Origin: Dorsal ulna

Insertions: lateral metacarpals

Function:abduct thumb

Front 42

Extensor digitorum

Back 42

Origin: LAt epicondyle of humerus

Insertions: Posterior surface of phalanges

Function: extends fingers

Front 43

Extensor pollicis brevis

Back 43

Origin: Shaft of radius

Insertions: base of proximal phalynx

Function: extension of thumb

Front 44

Extensor pollicus longus

Back 44

Origin: Lateral surface of ulna

Insertions: distal thumb

Function:extends thumb

Front 45

Extensor indicus

Back 45

Origin: ulna

Insertions: posterior proximal surface

Function: extends index finger

Front 46

Extensor digiti minimi

Back 46

Origin: Lat epicondyle of humerus

Insertions: proximal little finger

Function: extends little finger

Front 47

Flexor digitorum superficialis

Back 47

Origin: Medial epicondyle of humerus

Insertions:base of middle phlanges

Function:flexions of muscles in hand

Front 48

Flexor digitorum profundus

Back 48

Origin:Posterior ulna

Insertions:base of distal phalanges

Function: flex fingers

Front 49

Flexor pollicis longus

Back 49

Origin:Anterior shaft of radius

Insertions:distal thumb

Function: flexes thumb

Front 50

Gluteus Maximus

Back 50

Origin: Iliac crest

Insertions: IT Band

Function:Extends hip

Front 51

Gluteus medius

Back 51

Origin: Ant. Iliac crest

Insertions: Greater trochanter

Function:Abduction of hip

Front 52

Gluteus minimus

Back 52

Origin: Ilium

Insertions:greater trochanter

Function:abduction of hip

Front 53

Tesnor fascia latae

Back 53

Origin: Iliac crest

Insertions: IT tract

Function: abduction and medial rotation

Front 54

Obturator Internus and externus

Back 54

Origin: Lateral obturator foramen

Insertions: intertrochnanteric fossa

Function: rotation and abduction

Front 55

Piriformis

Back 55

Origin: Sacrum

Insertions: Greater trochanter

Function: Lateral rotation

Front 56

Gemeli

Back 56

Origin: Ischial spine

Insertions:greater trochanter

Function: lateral rotation

Front 57

Adductor brevis

Back 57

Origin: inferior pubic ramus

Insertions: linea aspera

Function: addcution of hip

Front 58

Adductor longus

Back 58

Origin: inf ramus of pubis

Insertions: Linea aspera

Function:adduction of hip

Front 59

Adductor magnus

Back 59

Origin: inf ramus of pubis

Insertions: linea aspers

Function: adduction at the hip

Front 60

Pectineus

Back 60

Origin: Inf Ramus of pubis

Insertions: pectineal line of femur

Function: flexion and abduction of hip

Front 61

Gracilis

Back 61

Origin: inf ramus of pubis

Insertions:tibia

Function:flexion and medial rotation of knee

Front 62

Psoas major

Back 62

Origin:Transverse process T12

Insertions: lesser trochanter

Function: flexes hip

Front 63

Biceps femoris

Back 63

Origin: Ischial tuberosity

Insertions:Head of fibula

Function:flexes knee

Front 64

Semimembranosus

Back 64

Origin: Ishial tuberosity

Insertions: Medial condyle

Function: flexes knee

Front 65

Semitendonosus

Back 65

Origin: ischial tuberosity

Insertions: medial tibia

Function: flexion of knee

Front 66

Sartorius

Back 66

Origin: Ant sup iliac spine

Insertions: medial tibia

Function: flexes knee

Front 67

Popliteus

Back 67

Origin: Lateral condyle of femur

Insertions: posterior tibial shaft

Function:medial rotation of tibia

Front 68

Rectus femoris

Back 68

Origin: Ant inf iliac spine

Insertions:patellar ligament / tibial tuberosity

Function: extends knee

Front 69

Vastus Lateralis

Back 69

origin: grater trochanter

Insertion:tibial tuberosity

Function: extends knee

Front 70

Vastus medialis

Back 70

Origin: Linea aspera

Insertions: Tibial tuberosity

Function: Extends knee

Front 71

Tibialis anterior

Back 71

Origin: Lateral shaft of tibia

Insertions: base of metacarpals

Function: dorsi flexion

Front 72

Gastrocenemius

Back 72

Origin: Femoral condyle

Insertions: calcaneus, via calcaneal tendon

Function:plantar flexion

Front 73

Fibularis longus

Back 73

Origin:proximal fibula

Insertions:5th metatarsal

Function: eversion of foot

Front 74

Plantaris

Back 74

Origin:Lateral supracondylar ridge

Insertions: posterior calcaneus

Function: plantar flexion

Front 75

Soleus

Back 75

Origin: Proximal shaft of fibula

Insertions: Calcaneus

Function: Plantar flexion

Front 76

Tibialis posterior

Back 76

Origin: Interosseus membrane

Insertions: navicular

Function: inversion of foot

Front 77

Flexor digitorum longus

Back 77

Origin: postmedial surface of tibia

Insertions: inferior surface of distal pahlanges

Function: flexs toes

Front 78

FLexor hallicus longus

Back 78

Origin: Lateral condyle of tibia

Insertions: inferior surface of big toe

Function: flexes big toe

Front 79

Extensor digitorum longus

Back 79

origin: lateral condyle of tibia

insertions: superior suface of phalange

Function: extension of toes

Front 80

Extensor hallicus longus

Back 80

Origin: anterior surface of fibula

Insertions: superior surface of phalange

Function: extends big toe

Front 81

Thalmus

Back 81

Relay processing information

Front 82

Hypothalamus

Back 82

Controls emotions, autonomic and hormone production

Front 83

Pons

Back 83

Relays sensory info to cerebellum

Front 84

Medulla oblongata

Back 84

relays sensory info also controls respiratory cardiovascular and digestive activities

Front 85

Cerebellum

Back 85

coordinates motor patterns

Front 86

What makes up 1/3 of a bones weight?

Back 86

Collagen (tough yet brittle)

-calcium and phosphate make up the rest

Front 87

What is a compact bone?

Back 87

Cortical shell , outer shell of vertebral body

Front 88

What is spongy bone

Back 88

long bone ends, inside vertebrae

Front 89

Define osteoperosis

Back 89

low bone mass and micro-architectural deterioration

Front 90

Define lamellae

Back 90

Concentric rings of calcified matrix

Front 91

What do the lamellae surround ?

Back 91

Osteon

Front 92

What do osteocytes do?

Back 92

Sense mechanical stimulus

Front 93

Osteoblasts

Back 93

Build , by secreting osteoid

Front 94

Osteoclasts

Back 94

collapse, by producing acid that dissolves matrix

Front 95

What is periosteum and Endosteum

Back 95

peri: Surrounds the bone

Endo: Cellular lining in the bone

Front 96

Bone modelling and remodelling

Back 96

Modeling drifts control changes in bone shape (mainly during growth)•

Remodeling regulates bone within tissue by resorption and formation of bone (throughout life)

Front 97

What are the 3 main types of connective tissue?

Back 97

Dense regular , dense irregular, and elastic

Front 98

What are the 3 main types of DENSE REGULAR tissue?

Back 98

Tendon(cords of collagen), ligament (cords) and aponeuroses (sheets of collagen)

Front 99

What are some examples of DENSE IRREGULAR tissue

Back 99

Perichondrium (around cartilege)

Periosteum ( around bone )

Front 100

Elastic CT give an example

Back 100

ligamentum flavum

Front 101

What are the 3 layers of a fascia

Back 101

1. superficial ( under da skin)

2. deep

3. subserous

Front 102

What are the 3 types of cartilage

Back 102

1) Hyaline- articular surfaces

2) Elastic - external ear

3) Fibrous - intervertebral discs, meniscus

Front 103

What are the 2 ways cartilage can grow?

Back 103

1) Interstitial - bone grow length

2) Appositional - growth in width

Front 104

What does the Hypothalamus produce

Back 104

regulatory hormones that regulate or inhibit hormone release from the pituitary gland

ADH, OXYtocin

Front 105

What does the pituitary gland prodiuce

Back 105

ADH and OXYtocin

it controls the function of other endocrine glands

Front 106

Thyroid gland

Back 106

produces thyroid hormones: Thyroxine and triidothyronine, it also accelerates metabolic rate

Front 107

Parathyroid gland

Back 107

increase blood calcium levels

Front 108

Thymus gland

Back 108

Produces thymosin , which helps mature lymphocytes

Front 109

Kidney

Back 109

Erythropoietin : produces RBC's

Claciriol: stimulates calcium and phosephae uptake into blood

Front 110

Adrenal cortex (little triangle on the kidney)

Back 110

Produces mineralocorticoids- regulates urine

GLucocoriticoids- speeds synthesis of glucose and glycogen

Androgens- sex hormones

Adrenal Medulla- epinipherine

Front 111

Pancreas

Back 111

Produces- Insulin(to lower blood sugar)

GLucagon(to raise blood sugar)

Front 112

Testes

Back 112

Produce testosterone

Front 113

Ovaries

Back 113

Produce estradiol

and progesterone

Front 114

Pineal gland

Back 114

Produces melatonin

Front 115

What are the primary functions of the lymphnoid system

Back 115

Produce maintain and distribute Lymphocytes

Defence against viruses

Front 116

Where does the thoracic duct drain into?

Back 116

Left subclavian vein

Front 117

What does the spleen do?

Back 117

Filters and stores blood , and stores iron

Front 118

What are the 3 major functions of the stomach?

Back 118

1. Storage of bolus

2. Mechanical breakdown of bolus

3. Chemical breakdown of foor

All of this is done to make chyme from the bolus

Front 119

What are the 3 bands of smooth muscle on the stomach?

Back 119

Longitudinal layer

Circular layer

Oblique Layer

Front 120

3 section of the small intestine and functions of each

Back 120

Duodenum:shortest and widest section known as the mixing bowl

Jejunum: chemical digestion and nutrient absorbtion

Ileum: Longest segment of the small intestine

Front 121

What is segmentation in digestion?

Back 121

The activity of breaking up food in the small intestine

Front 122

What are the functions of Large intestine

Back 122

Reabsorbs water and electrolytes

Front 123

What are the 2 sections of the Paritoneal cavity

Back 123

VIsceral: closest to visceral organs

Parietal: closer to the body wall

Front 124

What does the liver do?

Back 124

Detoxification of the center of body

Front 125

What does the gallblader do?

Back 125

Bile is stored there

bile is a fat emulsifier

Front 126

What does the pancreas do?

Back 126

makes digestive enzymes like

Lipases -> lipids

Carbohydrases -> carbohydrates

...

Front 127

What are the 3 types of muscle tissue?

Back 127

Skeletal

Cardiac

Smooth

Front 128

Which muscles are striated? Which aren't?

Back 128

Skeletal and caridac= Striated

Smooth= no striations

Front 129

What are the 4 layers of Connective tissue?

Back 129

1. Epimysium

2. Perimysium

3. Endomysium

4. Sarcolemma

Front 130

What are the different types of skeletal muscle?

Back 130

Parallel (biceps) parallel with tendonus bands(rectus abdominus), Wrapping muscle (supinator), Convergent muscle (pectoralis), pennate (flexor digitorum), bipennate (rectus femoris), multipennate (deltoid) and circular (oris)