Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
139 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Ramses II (Egypt) defeated Muwatallis (Hittite)
|
Kadesh
|
|
|
Nebuchadnezzar II (Babylon) defeated Egyptians
|
Carchemish
|
|
|
Miltiades (Greece) defeated Darius (Persia) near Athens;
Pheidippides ran to Athens with the news |
Marathon
|
|
|
Leonidas I (Sparta) delayed Xerxex I's (Persia) advance at a
narrow mountain path |
Thermopylae
|
|
|
Themistocles's (Athens) navy defeated Xerxes I (Persia) near Athens
|
Salamis
|
|
|
(479 BC, Greece) - Greeks defeated Persian infantry
|
Plataea
|
|
|
Sparta defeated Alcibiades (Athens)
|
Mantinea
|
|
|
Lysander (Sparta) defeated Athenians in the Hellespont
|
Aegospotomai
|
|
|
Epaminondas (Thebes) defeated Sparta
|
Leuctra
|
|
|
Epaminondas (Thebes) defeated Sparta and Athens but was killed
|
Mantinea
|
|
|
Philip II (Macedonia) defeated Athens and Thebes
|
Chaeronea
|
|
|
Alexander the Great (Macedonia) defeated Persians
|
Granicus
|
|
|
Alexander the Great (Macedonia) defeated Darius III (Persia), who had massacred Alexander's injured soldiers at this battle
|
Issus
|
|
|
also Arbela; Alexander the Great (Macedonia) defeated
Darius III (Persi) |
Gaugamela
|
|
|
Alexander the Great (Macedonia) defeated King Porus
|
Hydaspes
|
|
|
Antigonus I was killed, and Alexander's empire was split among Ptolemy I, Seleucus I, and Antigonus's descendants
|
Ipsus
|
|
|
Hannibal (Carthage) destroyed the army of Varro and Paulus Aemilius (Rome)
|
Cannae
|
|
|
Scipio Africanus (Rome) defeated Hannibal, ending the war
|
Zama
|
|
|
Orontes (Parthia) defeated Crassus (Rome), and executed him
|
Carrhae
|
|
|
Julius Caesar (Rome) defeated Vercingetorix (Gaul)
|
Alesia
|
|
|
Julius Caesar defeated Pompey the Great
|
Pharsalus
|
|
|
Antony and Octavian defeated Brutus and Cassius, who had
assassinated Julius Caesar |
Philippi
|
|
|
Octavian and Agrippa defeated Antony and Cleopatra (Egypt)
|
Actium
|
|
|
Arminius (Cherusci) defeated Varus (Rome)
|
Teutoburg Forest
|
|
|
Constantine the Great, after seeing a vision of a cross, defeated Maxentius near Rome, converted to Christianity, and became emperor
|
Milvian Bridge
|
|
|
Visigoths destroyed the Eastern Romans under Valens near Edirne
|
Adrianople
|
|
|
Flavius Aetius (Rome) and Theodoric I (Visigoths) defeated Attila the Hun and Gaiseric (Vandal)
|
Chalons
|
|
|
Khalid (Mecca) defeated Muhammad
|
Uhud
|
|
|
Khalid (Muslim) defeated Byzantines and captured Damascus
|
Yarmuk
|
|
|
also Poitiers; Charles Martel (Frank) stopped Moor invasion
|
Tours
|
|
|
Harold II (England) defeated Tostig and Harold III (Norway)
|
Stamford Bridge
|
|
|
William of Normandy defeated Harold II (England) at Senlac Hill; Harold was killed; battle depicted in Bayeux Tapestry
|
Hastings
|
|
|
Alp-Arslan (Seljuks) defeated Romanus IV Diogenes (Byzantium); led to Seljuk conquest of Anatolia
|
Manzikert
|
|
|
Philip II (France) defeated John (England) and Otto IV
(HRE), forcing England out of northern France |
Bouvines
|
|
|
England defeated Baliol (Scotland), who had allied with France
|
Dunbar
|
|
|
Wallace (Scotland) defeated Earl of Surrey (England)
|
Stirling Bridge
|
|
|
Robert I (Scotland) defeated Edward II (England) at
Stirling Castle |
Bannockburn
|
|
|
also Grunwald; Witold and Ladislav (Poland and Lithuania)
defeated von Jungingen (Teutonic Knights) |
Tannenberg
|
|
|
Earl of Surrey (England), leading Henry VIII's army,
defeated and killed James IV (Scotland) |
Flodden Field
|
|
|
Charles V (HRE) defeated Francis I (France)
|
Pavia
|
|
|
called by Urban II at Council of Clermont; led by Robert of Flanders,Bohemond of Taranto, Godfrey of Bouillon, and Raymond of Toulouse; captured Jerusalem;
set up Edessa, Antioch, Tripoli, and Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem states in "Outremer" |
First Crusade
|
|
|
called by Eugenius III; led by Louis VII (France) and Conrad III (HRE); lost at Dorylaeum and Damascus; freed Lisbon from Moors
|
Second Crusade
|
|
|
after Saladin retook Jerusalem, Richard I (England), Philip II (France), and Frederick I (HRE) reestablished Latin Kingdom but failed to take Jerusalem; Frederick
drowned in Calycadnus River |
Third Crusade
|
|
|
called by Innocent III; Venetians took Zara in Hungary and
Constantinople |
Fourth Crusade
|
|
|
called by Innocent III and Gregory IX; Louis XIII persecuted
believers in dualism (Cathars) in southern France |
Albigensian Crusade
|
|
|
led by Stephen of Cloyes and Nicholas of Cologne; never reached Holy Land
|
Children's Crusade
|
|
|
called by Gregory IX; Frederick II (HRE) negotiated for control of Jerusalem
|
Fifth Crusade
|
|
|
Louis IX (France) captured Damietta in Egypt but lost at Cairo
|
Seventh Crusade
|
|
|
Edward III and son Edward the Black Prince (England) defeated
Philip VI (France); English longbow very effective |
Crecy
|
|
|
Edward the Black Prince (England) captured John II the Good (France), who was held for ransom
|
Poitiers
|
|
|
Henry V (England) defeated D'Albret (France); French troops
trapped in mud slaughtered by English bowmen |
Agincourt
|
|
|
Margaret of Anjou (Lancaster), wife of Henry VI, defeated Earl of
Warwick (York) |
St. Albans
|
|
|
Earl of Warwick (York) and duke of York defeated Duke of
Somerset (Lancaster); replaced Henry VI with Edward IV as king; bloodiest battle in England |
Towton
|
|
|
Duke of Clarence and Edward IV (Lancaster) defeated Earl of
Warwick (York), who was killed |
Barnet
|
|
|
Edward IV (York) defeated Margaret of Anjou (Lancaster), wife of Henry VI; Henry was murdered in the Tower
|
Tewkesbury
|
|
|
Henry Tudor (Lancaster) defeated Richard III
(York); Thomas and William Stanley joined Henry; Richard III was unhorsed and killed |
Bosworth Field
|
|
|
Babur defeated Ibrahim Lodi and established Mughal Dynasty
|
Panipat
|
|
|
Murad I (Ottoman) defeated Lazar (Serbia) on the "Field of
Blackbirds"; Murad was killed but his son Bayazid I led Ottomans to victory |
First Kosovo
|
|
|
Tamerlane captured Bayazid I (Ottoman)
|
Ankara
|
|
|
Murad II (Ottoman) defeated Hunyadi (Hungary)
|
Second Kosovo
|
|
|
Muhammad II captured Byzantine capital
|
Constantinople
|
|
|
Suleiman I (Ottoman) defeated and killed Louis II (Hungary)
|
Mohacs
|
|
|
Ferdinand I (HRE) ended Suleiman I's siege of Vienna
|
Vienna
|
|
|
Don Juan's (Austria) navy defeated Ali Pasha (Ottomans)
|
Lepanto
|
|
|
von Tilly (Catholic), under Ferdinand II (HRE), defeated
Frederick V (Bohemia) |
White Mountain
|
|
|
Gustavus Adolphus (Sweden) defeated von Tilly
(Catholic) |
Breitenfeld
|
|
|
Gustavus Adolphus (Sweden) and Bernard (Protestant)
defeated Wallenstein (Catholic) near Leipzig, but Gustavus was killed |
Lutzen
|
|
|
indecisive battle between Cavaliers (King) and Roundheads
(Parliament) (Oct. 23, 1642, England) |
Edgehill
|
|
|
Cromwell (Parliament) defeated Cavaliers (July 2, 1644, England)
|
Marston Moor
|
|
|
(June 14, 1645, England) - Cromwell's New Model Army defeated Graham (Scottish
Highlanders) and Cavaliers |
Naseby
|
|
|
(Aug. 17 - 19, 1648, England) - Cromwell defeated Scots
|
Preston
|
|
|
(1650, England) - Cromwell defeated Scots
|
Dunbar
|
|
|
William III (new Protestant English king) defeated
James II (deposed Catholic English king) |
Boyne
|
|
|
Duke of Marlborough (England) and Eugene of Savoy
(Austria) defeated French |
Blenheim
|
|
|
Duke of Marlborough (England) defeated France, forcing them out of the Netherlands
|
Ramilies
|
|
|
Duke of Marlborough (England) and Eugene of Savoy (Austria)
defeated the Duke of Vendome (France), forcing Louis XIV to sue for peace |
Oudenaarde
|
|
|
Duke of Marlborough (England) and Eugene of Savoy
(Austria) defeated French; bloodiest battle of the war |
Malplaquet
|
|
|
(1704, Estonia) - Russians took city from Sweden
|
Narva
|
|
|
(July 8, 1709, Ukraine) - Peter I (Russia) defeated Charles XII (Sweden)
|
Poltava
|
|
|
Stanislaw (Poland) surrendered to Russia, allowing Augustus III
to be king of Poland |
Danzig
|
|
|
George II (British) defeated French; last monarch to
personally lead troops in battle |
Dettingen
|
|
|
Seydlitz (Prussia) defeated France
|
Rossbach
|
|
|
Clive (British) defeated Bengal
|
Plassey
|
|
|
Wolfe (British) defeated Montcalm (France); both commanders were mortally wounded
|
Plains of Abraham
|
|
|
Francis Smith, under Gage (British), tried to seize
colonists' gunpowder; Paul Revere warned of his advance |
Lexington and Concord
|
|
|
Howe (British) dislodged Prescott and Putnam (US) but
endured heavy casualties; Ward (US) had ordered fortification of Bunker Hill but Americans actually located at Breed's Hill |
Bunker Hill
|
|
|
Carleton (Canada) defeated Arnold and Montgomery (US),
who had captured Montreal but was killed here; ended US invasion of Canada |
Quebec
|
|
|
Howe (British) defeated Washington (US) in Brooklyn; first
large battle of the war |
Long Island
|
|
|
Washington (US) forced Howe (British) to retreat in
Manhattan |
Harlem Heights
|
|
|
Washington (US) crossed Delaware River and defeated Rall
(Hessian) |
Trenton
|
|
|
Washington (US) defeated Cornwallis (British); Mercer (US) was killed
|
Princeton
|
|
|
Burgoyne (British) surrendered to Gates, Arnold, and Morgan
(US); two battles fought at Freeman's Farm |
Saratoga
|
|
|
Herkimer (US) helped Gansevoort (US) hold onto Fort Stanwix,
under siege by St. Leger (British) and Brant (Mohawk) |
Oriskany
|
|
|
Stark (US) defeated Burgoyne (British) and Hessians Baum
and Breymann |
Bennington
|
|
|
Howe (British) continued advance from Chesapeake to
Philadelphia despite Washington's (US) resistance |
Brandywine
|
|
|
Washington's (US) attack on Howe's (British) troops near
Philadelphia failed; Greene (US) arrived late |
Germantown
|
|
|
draw between Washington (US) and Clinton (British), who
continued march to NYC; Charles Lee (US) disobeyed orders and retreated; Molly Pitcher legend |
Monmouth
|
|
|
Clark (US) recaptured city and Fort Sackville from Hamilton
(British) |
Vincennes
|
|
|
Lincoln (US) and d'Estaing (France) failed to recapture Savannah from Prevost (British)
|
Savannah
|
|
|
Cornwallis (British) defeated Gates (US) and de Kalb (France)
|
Camden
|
|
|
Americans defeated Ferguson (British)
|
King's Mountain
|
|
|
Morgan (US) defeated Tarleton (British)
|
Cowpens
|
|
|
Cornwallis (British) defeated Greene (US) but
sustained heavy losses |
Guilford Courthouse
|
|
|
Cornwallis (British) surrendered to Washington (US), Comte de
Grasse, and Comte de Rochambeau (France) |
Yorktown
|
|
|
Wayne defeated Little Turtle (Indian), Indians were forced
to sign the Treaty of Greenville the next year |
Fallen Timbers
|
|
|
WH Harrison (US) fought the Prophet (Shawnees), brother of
Tecumseh |
Tippecanoe
|
|
|
Crazy Horse (Oglala Sioux) defeated Crook (US)
|
Rosebud
|
|
|
Sitting Bull and Crazy Horse (Sioux) defeated Custer (US);
"Custer's Last Stand"; all 225 soldiers killed |
Little Big Horn
|
|
|
Nelson in the Vanguard defeated the French in naval battle
|
Nile
|
|
|
Napoleon (France) defeated von Melas (Austria), gaining Italy
|
Marengo
|
|
|
Nelson (British) defeated Villeneuve (France) in naval
battle, preventing invasion of England; Nelson said "England expects that every man will do his duty" and was killed |
Trafalgar
|
|
|
Napoleon had just captured Vienna; he defeated Austrians
and Russians |
Austerlitz
|
|
|
Kutuzov (Russia) stopped Napoleon's (France) advance 70
miles west of Moscow; described in Tolstoi's War and Peace |
Borodino
|
|
|
also Battle of the Nations; Sixth Coalition (Russia,
Prussia, Britain, Sweden, Austria) defeated Napoleon; largest battle of the war |
Leipzig
|
|
|
duke of Wellington (British) and Blucher (Prussia) defeated
Napoleon and Ney (France); attack at La Haye Sainte |
Waterloo
|
|
|
Van Rensselaer's (US) troops refused to reinforce
Scott (US), who was forced to surrender |
Queenston Heights
|
|
|
WH Harrison (US) defeated Proctor (British) at the Moravian
Mission; RM Johnson (US) killed Tecumseh (Shawnee) |
Thames
|
|
|
de Salaberry (Canada) turned back Purdy (US), an
advance unit of Hampton's force advancing to Montreal |
Chateauguay
|
|
|
draw between Brown (US) and Drummond (British) near
Niagara Falls; bloodiest battle of the war |
Lundy's Lane
|
|
|
lso Battle of Lake Champlain; Macdonough (US) defeated
Downie (British) in naval battle; Prevost (Canada) withdrew from NY |
Plattsburgh
|
|
|
led to Cockburn (British) burning DC, including the White House
|
Bladensburg
|
|
|
Jackson (US) defeated Pakenham (British); war had actually
ended two weeks earlier with Treaty of Ghent |
New Orleans
|
|
|
Jackson (US) defeated Creeks; led to Treaty of Fort
Jackson, ceding land in AL and GA |
Horseshoe Bend
|
|
|
San Martin and O'Higgins defeated Maroto (Spain) near
Santiago |
Chacabuco
|
|
|
Bolivar defeated Spanish
|
Boyaca
|
|
|
Sucre defeated La Serna (Spain), ending Spanish control in
South America |
Ayacucho
|
|
|
British, French, and Russian navy defeated Ibrahim Pasha
(Ottoman) near Pylos |
Navarino
|
|
|
Texans defeated Mexicans; "Come and Take It" flag
|
Gonzales
|
|
|
Santa Anna (Mexico) captured fort in San Antonio under
Travis, Bowie, and Crockett (Texas) |
Alamo
|
|
|
Houston (Texas) forced surrender of Santa Anna (Mexico);
"Remember the Alamo! Remember Goliad!" battle cry |
San Jacinto
|
|
|
Taylor defeated Arista (Mexico) near Brownsville
|
Palo Alto
|
|
|
Taylor (US) defeated Santa Anna (Mexico);
Davis led the "MS Rifles" |
Buena Vista
|
|
|
Scott (US) landed at Vera Cruz and began march to Mexico
City |
Vera Cruz
|
|
|
Scott (US) continued advance from Veracruz to
Mexico City despite resistance of Santa Anna (Mexico) |
Cerro Gordo
|
|
|
Valencia (Mexico) repelled Pillow's (US) advance unit of
Scott's army, but Lee (US) regrouped and captured the hill guarding the route to Texcoco |
Contreras
|
|
|
Scott (US) captured inner defenses of Mexico City
from Santa Anna (Mexico) |
Chapultepec
|
|
|
Russian attempted to raise siege of Sevastopol failed; "Charge of the Light Brigade" under earl of Cardigan commemorated in a Tennyson poem
|
Balaklava
|
|
|
Napoleon III (France) and Sardinia defeated Franz Cyulai (Austria)
|
Magenta
|
|
|
Napoleon III (France) and Sardinia defeated Francis Joseph I
(Austria); inspired Dunant to found Red Cross |
Solferino
|
