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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the ssx of bacterial abscesses? |
1. HA, fever, focal neurologic deficits 2. 11-12 days after symptoms begin
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What is the role of an LP in the dx of bacterial abscess? |
1. Contraindicated |
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How do you tx a bacterial abscess? |
1. High-dose abx 2. Surgical drainage 3. Anti-convulsants |
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What is empiric tx for community-acquired bacterial abscess? |
1. Cefotaxime/ceftriaxone + metronidazole |
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What is empiric tx for head trauma? |
1. Ceftazidime + vancomycin |
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What is the MCC of nonbacterial brain abscesses? |
1. T. solium |
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What are the ssx of neurocysticerosis? |
1. Seizures 2. Increased ICP |
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How do you x neurocysticerosis? |
1. MRI 2. CSF-- eosinophilia |
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How do you tx neurocysticerosis? |
1. Anti-convulsants 2. Albednazole and praziquantel |
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What are the ssx of a T. gondii infection? |
1. HA 2. Fever 3. Seizures 4. Focal neurologic ssx |
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How do you dx T. gondii infection? |
1. MRI 2. Serum IgG |
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How do you tx T. gondii? |
1. Suladiazine 2. Pyrimethamine |
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What toxin causes tetanus? |
1. Tetanospasmin (exotoxin) 2. Prevents release of GABA |
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What are the ssx of tetanus? |
1. Trismus 2. Risus sardonicus 3. Back and neck stiffness |
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What are the different types of tetanus? |
1. Local 2. Cephalic 3. Generalized |
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What causes cephalic tetanus? |
1. OM caused by C. tetani or head injury 2. CNs affected |
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What are the ssx of generalized tetanus? |
1. Descending spastic paralysis 2. Trismus, stiffness of neck 3. Dysphagia 4. Risus, boardlike rigidity of abdominal muscles |
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How is neonatal tetanus passed on? |
1. Unhealed umbilical stump 2. Mother not immune |
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How do you dx tetanus? |
1. Isolation of C. tetani from wound 2. No hx of tetanus immunization 3. Blood WBCs elevated 4. EMG, ECG, muscle enzymes |
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How do you tx tetanus? |
1. Place patient in quiet room w/o stimuli for spasms 2. Penicillin/metronidazole 3. TIG to neutralize toxin 4. Diazepam for spasms 5. Administer vaccine |
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What is the vaccine for tetanus in children? |
1. DTaP at 2, 4, 6, and 15 months and again before kindergarten |
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What is the tetanus vaccine for adults? |
1. 3 does of Td vaccine |
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How often should patients receive boosters? |
1. Every 10 years |
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What causes CJD? |
1. Somatic mutaiton in PRNP gene on chromosme 20 OR 2. PrPC to PRPSc |
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What is Kuru? |
1. Caused by ritualistic cannibalism among tribesmen of New Guinea 2. Prion disease |
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How is iatrogenic CJD passed on? |
1. Corneal transplants 2. Contamination of instruments |
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How long is incubation for iCJD? |
1. 1.5-2 years |
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What is vCJD? |
1. Transmitted by tainted beef 2. Disease lasts 14 months |
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How do you dx definite vCJD? |
1. Pathologic examination of brain tissue 2. Florid amyloid plaques surrounded by vacuoles in cerebellum and cerebrum 3.n Spongiform change and extensive prion protien deposition shown by immunohistochemistry in cerebellum and cerebrum |
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How do you dx suspected vCJD? |
1. At least two of: poor coordination, myoclonus, chorea, hyperreflexia, or visual signs 2. Peristent painful sensory symptoms |
