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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the two purposes of the primary survey?
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Find causes of hemodynamic instability and respiratory impairment
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What are the five components of the primary survey?
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A-airway
B-breathing C-circulation D-disability E-environmental exposure |
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What is the secondary survey?
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Traditional history and physical examination after initial resuscitation
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What is the most common reason for missed fractures in polytrauma patients?
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Inadequately imaged extremities
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With polytrauma, what two radiographs are obtained during the primary survey?
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Anteroposterior (AP) chest
AP pelvis |
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What radiographs are usually obtained during the secondary survey?
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Cervical spine films: lateral view including the superior endplate of T1, AP cervical spine, and AP odontoid view
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How is the Injury Severity Scale (ISS) score calculated? In what situation is it not prognostic?
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(AIS)2 + (AIS)2 + (AIS)2 for the three most severely injured systems
Not prognostic for severely affected single system |
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What are the mortality rates for an ISS score >16? >40?
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ISS >16: 10% mortality
ISS >40: 50% mortality |
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Increased ISS is associated with what three outcomes?
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Greater disability
Higher rate of unemployment Lower quality of life |
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Increased short-term mortality rates are associated with what two factors?
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Advanced age
Increased severity of injury |
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What are the components of the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS)?
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Eye opening
Verbal response Motor response |
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How is eye opening scored?
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1, no eye opening
2, eye opening to pain 3, eye opening to verbal command 4, eyes open spontaneously |
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How is verbal response scored?
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1, no verbal response
2, incomprehensible sounds 3, inappropriate words 4, confused 5, orientated |
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How is motor response scored?
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1, no motor response
2, extension to pain 3, flexion to pain 4, withdrawal from pain 5, localizing pain 6, obeys commands |
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How is the GCS score arrived at? What is the definition of coma?
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Score is the sum of all three sections
A GCS score <8 indicates coma |
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The GCS score is prognostic of what outcome?
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Future neurologic function
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