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46 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What does the Interpersonal Theory of Mood Disorders say?
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Depressed people have poor relationships with others.
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What is All or Nothing Thinking?
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Where you see things in black and white categories. If your performance falls short of perfect, you see yourself as a total failure.
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What is Overgeneralization?
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You see a single negative event as a never ending pattern of defeat.
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What is Disqualifying the Positive?
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You reject positive experiences by insisting they
"don't count" for some reason. In this way, you can maintain a negative belief that is contradicted by your everyday experiences. |
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What is a mental filter?
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You pick out a single negative detail and dwell on it exclusively, so that your vision of all reality becomes darkend, like a drop of ink that discolors an entire beaker of water.
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What is jumping to conclusions?
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You make a negative interpretation, even though there are no definite facts that convincingly support your conclusion: (a) Mind Reading. You arbitrarily conclude that someone is reacting negatively to you, and you don't bother to check this out. (b) The Fortune Teller Error. You anticipate that things will turn out badly, and you feel convinced that your prediction is an already established fact.
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What is Magnification (Catastophizing) or Minimizing?
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You exaggerate the importance of things (such as your goof ups or someone's achievement), or you inappropriately shrink things until they appear tiny (your own desirable qualities or another's imperfections). This is also called the "binocular trick"
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What is emotional reasoning?
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You assume that your negative emotions necessarily reflect the way things really are: "I feel it; therefore it must be true"
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What are Should Statements?
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You try to motivate yourself with "shoulds" and "shouldn'ts" as if you had to be whipped and punished before you could be expected to do anything. "Musts" and "Oughts" are also offenders. The emotional consequence is guilt. When you direct should statements toward others, you feel anger, frustration and resentment.
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What is labeling and mislabeling?
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This is an extreme form of overgeneralization. Instead of describing your error, you attach a negative label to yourself; "I'm a loser". When someone else's behavior rubs you the wrong way, you attach a negative label to that person. Mislabeling involves describing an event with language that is highly colored and emotional.
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What is personalization?
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You see yourself as the cause of a negative external event, which, in fact, you were not primarily responsible for.
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What is one major difference between bipolar disorder and unipolar depression?
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People with unipolar depression experience only depression, no mania.
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What is the definition of adhedonia??
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Having lost interest in everything in life.
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What are some psychological and behavioral symptoms of depression?
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changes in appetite, sleep, and activity levels.
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What is psychomotor retardation?
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Being slowed down- People who are depressed often walk more slowly, talk and gesture more slowly etc.
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What is psychomotor agitation?
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When people are depressed they may feel agitated, and cannot sit still, and may move around and fidget aimlesely.
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What are some cognitive symptoms of depression?
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Worthlessness, guilt, hopelessness, even suicide, trouble cocentrating and making decisions etc.
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What are delusions?
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Beliefs with no basis in reality.
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What are hallucinations?
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Involve seeing, hearing, or feeling, things that are not real.
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What is cause for a diagnosis of major depression?
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Depressed mood or loss of interest in usual activities, plus at least 4 other symptoms of depression chronically for at least 2 weeks.
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What is cause for a diagnosis of dysthymic disorder?
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Depressed mood plus two other symptoms of depression for at least two years.
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What is double depression?
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When some people experience both major depression and dysthymia.
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What percentage of people who are majorly depressed or dysthymic have another psychological disorder?
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Over half.
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What are the most common disorders to occur with depression?
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-Alcohol abuse
-Anxiety disorders -Eating disorders |
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Which age group is the most likely to be depressed?
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Adults 15-24 with a rise in people 85+
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What happens to people with histories of depressive episodes?
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They are more likely to have longer periods of depression.
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What is despression with melancholic features?
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Inability to experience pleasure, distinct depressed mood, depression regularly worse in the morning, early morning awakening, marked psychomotor retardation or agitation, significant anorexia or weight loss, excessive guilt.
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What is depression with psychotic features?
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Presence of depressing delusions and hallucinations.
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What is depression with catatonic features?
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Catatonic behaviors; catalepsy, excessive motor activity, severe disturbances in speech.
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What is depression with atypical features?
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Positive mood reactions to some events, significant weight gain or increase in appetite, hypersomnia, heavey laden feelings in arms and legs, long standing pattern of sensitivity to interpersonal rejection.
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What is depression with postpartum features?
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Onset of a major depressive episode within four weeks of delivery of a child.
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What is the purpose of individual stress management methods?
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- To change your view of potential stressors
- to alter your the response pattern - to treat specific problems caused by stress. |
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What are the moods like of people who are manic?
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Often elated but mixed with irritation and agitation.
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People who are more manic are what?
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Bipolar 1.
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People who are more depressed than manic are what?
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Bipolar 2.
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What is hypomania?
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Episodes of mania that are less severe.
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What is cyclothymic disorder?
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Less severe but more chronic form of bipolar disorder.
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What is rapid cycling bipolar disorder?
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When a person has four or more cycles of mania and depression within a year.
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Which is more common bipolar disorder of unipolar depression?
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Unipolar depression
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How many people experience at least 1 bipolar episode at least once in their lives?
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2 in 100.
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How do men and women differ in terms of bipolar disorder?
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They dont.
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When do most people develop bipolar disorder?
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Late adolescence or early adulthood.
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What is unique about pediatric bipolar disorder?
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It is chronic.
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What are some benefits of bipolar disorder?
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-Increased self esteem
-Rush of ideas -Courage to pursue these ideas -High energy -Little need for sleep -Hypervigilance -Decisiveness |
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Does bipolar disorder very across ethnic groups?
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No.
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What is one main criticism of psychodyamic theories of suicide?
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They are hard to test empirically.
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