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44 Cards in this Set

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Gender Identity

the psychological sense of being male or female

it is consistent with most people to actual genetic sex; but sometimes not

Gender Dysphoria

people who experience significant personal distress or impaired functioning because of conflict between their anatomic sex and gender identity

-main idea is that the person is distressed

Transgender identity

having the psychological sense of belonging to a different gender other than your own

-Not all people with this disorder suffer from gender dysphoria

Psychodynamic theory on gender identity

-overly close mother-son relationships, empty relationships with parents, or fathers who were absent or detached, leading to reversal in gender roles

Learning theory on gender identity

-father absence for boys, children reared by parents who wanted a different gender and strongly encouraged cross dressing

Biological theory on gender identity

prenatal hormones and genetics may be cause of differing identity

Sexual Dysfunction

persistent problems with sexual interest, arousal, or response

Male Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder

Men who persistently have little to no desire for sexual activity or lack sexual or erotic thoughts


-More common in women than men

-disorder of interest or arousal

Female sexual interest/arousal disorder

women who experience either a lack of or greatly reduced level of sexual interest, drive, or arousal

-disorder of interest or arousal


-diagnosis requires the problem be present for 6 months or longer

Erectile disorder

men with persistent erectile difficulties (achieving or maintaining one)


-risk of this disorder increases with age (50% of 40-70 year olds)

-disorder of interest or arousal

Female orgasm disorder

-in females, a delay in reaching orgasm or an infrequency of orgasm


-Orgasm disorder


-diagnosis requires the problem be present for 6 months or longer

Delayed ejaculation

in males, a delay in reaching orgasm or an infrequency of orgasm

-Orgasm disorder


-diagnosis requires the problem be present for 6 months or longer

Premature ejaculation

recurrent pattern of ejaculation occuring within about one minute of sexy time and before the man desires it

only when the problem is persistent and causes distress it becomes a problem

Genito-pelvic pain/penetration disorder

women who experience sexual pain or difficulty engaging in vaginal intercourse or penetration


-sometimes genital or pelvic pain

May be a mental disorder but is usually chalked up to urinary tract infection or lack of lube

Vaginismus

some cases of Genito-pelvic pain penetration disorder in which the muscles surrounding the vagina involuntarily contracts when penetration occurs

-not medical, a conditioned response that makes sex painful or impossible

Psychological perspectives on sex disorders

emphasis on the role of anxiety, lack of sexual skills, irrational beliefs, percieved causes of events, and relationship problems

Biological perspectives on sex disorders

low testosterone and disease are possible reasons for lower sex drive


-cardiovascular problems may cause low blood flow


-may be linked to obesity


-antidepresents or depressant drugs may cause dysfunction

Sociocultural perspectives on sex disorders

-Sex was considered a male pleasure and females duty


-may be linked to taboos


-more dysfunction is found in places where premarital sex is frowned upon

Treatment of sexual dysfunction: low sexual drive or desire

sex therapists may try to restimulate a sex drive with self stimulation together with erotic fantasies.


-may perscribe mutual sexual exercises with partner


-may try to fix relationship


-hormonal balancing (testosterone treatment)

Treatment of sexual dysfunction: sexual arousal

-may need to preform sexual activity in a non-disruptive enviornment in order to focus on pleasure


-sensous exercises that don't require vaginal lubrication or erection

Treatment of sexual dysfunction: Disorders of orgasm

-women with trouble orgasming often have underlying belief that sex is dirty or sinful (anxious about sex and haven't learned from trial and error what they like)


-treatment: modifying negative attitudes toward sex

Treatment of sexual dysfunction: Genital pain

generally requires medical intervention to determine underlying issue. in cases of Vaginismus psych therapy might help


-relaxation techniques, gradual exposure and desensitization (inserting things while remaining relaxed)

May women with this disorder have history of sexual assault or rape

biological treatments of sexual dysfunction

-drugs that increase blood flow to penis (viagra and cialis)


-evidence says that combining therapy and drugs may be more effective in long term


-self injection and penis pump


-surgery

Paraphilias

people who have unusual or atypical patterns of sexual attraction (being aroused by something weird) (period of six months or longer)


-underwear, shoes, leather, humiliation, pain, or children/nonconsenting

Paraphilic disorder

in order to be diagnosed, the paraphilia must cause personal distress or impairment of important areas of daily function

Exhibitionism

person with strong or recurant urges, fantasies, or behaviors, of exposing ones genitals to unsuspecting individuals for the purpose of sexual arousal (almost all cases are men)

type of Paraphilia


-men who do this do so as a means of indirectly expressing hostility to women

Fetishism

recurrent, powerfl sexual urges, fantasies, or behvior involving inanimate objects (clothing)


-people with the disorder may prefer the underwear over the person

Paraphilia

Transvestism

an indivdual who has recurrent and powerful urges, fantasies, behavior, in which they become aroused by cross dressing

Paraphilia

Voyeurism

involves strong and recurrent sexual urges, fantasies, behviors, in which the person becomes sexually aroused by watching people who are naked, disrobing, or sexing


-usually masturbates while watching


-generally lack experience with sex and harbor deep feelings of inferiority

Paraphilia

Frotteurism

wanting to rub up against people without consent

Paraphilia

Pedophilia

sexual urges to be sexual with children (13 or younger)


-to be diagnosed they must be 16 and be at least 5 years older than intended person

Paraphilia

Sexual masochism

sexually wanting to be humiliated, bound, flogged

Paraphilia

Hypoxyphilia

sexual participants become aroused by being deprived of oxygen

Paraphilia

Sexual sadism

sexually gratification by inflicting pain or humiliation on others

Paraphilia

Sadomasochism

the practice of mutually gratifying sexual interactions involving both sadistic and masochistic acts

Paraphilia

Psychological perspective

theorists see the paraphilias as defense against castration anxiety from the phalic period of psychosexual development

Biological perspective

-some people might be hypersexual (higher than average sex drive)


-brain wave patterns


treatment of paraphilic disorders: Psychoanalysis

therapists in this field try to bring childhood sexual conflicts into awareness to they can be resolved

Treatment of paraphilic: Cognitive behavioral therapy

briefer than psychanalysis, focuses on direclty changing the problem behavior: Aversive Conditioning (physical aversion), covert sesitization (imagination aversion, and social skills training

Biomedical therapies

treatment with SSRI antidepressants (may be like OCD so it helps subdue those traits)

Rape

not a mental disorder


-having carnal knowledge of another

Stranger rape

commited by an assailant who doesn't know victim

rape

acquantance rape

commited by people known to the victim

rape

Date rape

kind of acquantance


-commited during a date

rape