Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
44 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
Gender Identity |
the psychological sense of being male or female |
it is consistent with most people to actual genetic sex; but sometimes not |
|
Gender Dysphoria |
people who experience significant personal distress or impaired functioning because of conflict between their anatomic sex and gender identity |
-main idea is that the person is distressed |
|
Transgender identity |
having the psychological sense of belonging to a different gender other than your own |
-Not all people with this disorder suffer from gender dysphoria |
|
Psychodynamic theory on gender identity |
-overly close mother-son relationships, empty relationships with parents, or fathers who were absent or detached, leading to reversal in gender roles |
|
|
Learning theory on gender identity |
-father absence for boys, children reared by parents who wanted a different gender and strongly encouraged cross dressing |
|
|
Biological theory on gender identity |
prenatal hormones and genetics may be cause of differing identity |
|
|
Sexual Dysfunction |
persistent problems with sexual interest, arousal, or response |
|
|
Male Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder |
Men who persistently have little to no desire for sexual activity or lack sexual or erotic thoughts -More common in women than men |
-disorder of interest or arousal |
|
Female sexual interest/arousal disorder |
women who experience either a lack of or greatly reduced level of sexual interest, drive, or arousal |
-disorder of interest or arousal -diagnosis requires the problem be present for 6 months or longer |
|
Erectile disorder |
men with persistent erectile difficulties (achieving or maintaining one) -risk of this disorder increases with age (50% of 40-70 year olds) |
-disorder of interest or arousal |
|
Female orgasm disorder |
-in females, a delay in reaching orgasm or an infrequency of orgasm
|
-Orgasm disorder -diagnosis requires the problem be present for 6 months or longer |
|
Delayed ejaculation |
in males, a delay in reaching orgasm or an infrequency of orgasm |
-Orgasm disorder -diagnosis requires the problem be present for 6 months or longer |
|
Premature ejaculation |
recurrent pattern of ejaculation occuring within about one minute of sexy time and before the man desires it |
only when the problem is persistent and causes distress it becomes a problem |
|
Genito-pelvic pain/penetration disorder |
women who experience sexual pain or difficulty engaging in vaginal intercourse or penetration -sometimes genital or pelvic pain |
May be a mental disorder but is usually chalked up to urinary tract infection or lack of lube |
|
Vaginismus |
some cases of Genito-pelvic pain penetration disorder in which the muscles surrounding the vagina involuntarily contracts when penetration occurs |
-not medical, a conditioned response that makes sex painful or impossible |
|
Psychological perspectives on sex disorders |
emphasis on the role of anxiety, lack of sexual skills, irrational beliefs, percieved causes of events, and relationship problems |
|
|
Biological perspectives on sex disorders |
low testosterone and disease are possible reasons for lower sex drive -cardiovascular problems may cause low blood flow -may be linked to obesity -antidepresents or depressant drugs may cause dysfunction |
|
|
Sociocultural perspectives on sex disorders |
-Sex was considered a male pleasure and females duty -may be linked to taboos -more dysfunction is found in places where premarital sex is frowned upon |
|
|
Treatment of sexual dysfunction: low sexual drive or desire |
sex therapists may try to restimulate a sex drive with self stimulation together with erotic fantasies. -may perscribe mutual sexual exercises with partner -may try to fix relationship -hormonal balancing (testosterone treatment) |
|
|
Treatment of sexual dysfunction: sexual arousal |
-may need to preform sexual activity in a non-disruptive enviornment in order to focus on pleasure -sensous exercises that don't require vaginal lubrication or erection |
|
|
Treatment of sexual dysfunction: Disorders of orgasm |
-women with trouble orgasming often have underlying belief that sex is dirty or sinful (anxious about sex and haven't learned from trial and error what they like) -treatment: modifying negative attitudes toward sex |
|
|
Treatment of sexual dysfunction: Genital pain |
generally requires medical intervention to determine underlying issue. in cases of Vaginismus psych therapy might help -relaxation techniques, gradual exposure and desensitization (inserting things while remaining relaxed) |
May women with this disorder have history of sexual assault or rape |
|
biological treatments of sexual dysfunction |
-drugs that increase blood flow to penis (viagra and cialis) -evidence says that combining therapy and drugs may be more effective in long term -self injection and penis pump -surgery |
|
|
Paraphilias |
people who have unusual or atypical patterns of sexual attraction (being aroused by something weird) (period of six months or longer) -underwear, shoes, leather, humiliation, pain, or children/nonconsenting |
|
|
Paraphilic disorder |
in order to be diagnosed, the paraphilia must cause personal distress or impairment of important areas of daily function |
|
|
Exhibitionism |
person with strong or recurant urges, fantasies, or behaviors, of exposing ones genitals to unsuspecting individuals for the purpose of sexual arousal (almost all cases are men) |
type of Paraphilia -men who do this do so as a means of indirectly expressing hostility to women |
|
Fetishism |
recurrent, powerfl sexual urges, fantasies, or behvior involving inanimate objects (clothing) -people with the disorder may prefer the underwear over the person |
Paraphilia |
|
Transvestism |
an indivdual who has recurrent and powerful urges, fantasies, behavior, in which they become aroused by cross dressing |
Paraphilia |
|
Voyeurism |
involves strong and recurrent sexual urges, fantasies, behviors, in which the person becomes sexually aroused by watching people who are naked, disrobing, or sexing -usually masturbates while watching -generally lack experience with sex and harbor deep feelings of inferiority |
Paraphilia |
|
Frotteurism |
wanting to rub up against people without consent |
Paraphilia |
|
Pedophilia |
sexual urges to be sexual with children (13 or younger) -to be diagnosed they must be 16 and be at least 5 years older than intended person |
Paraphilia |
|
Sexual masochism |
sexually wanting to be humiliated, bound, flogged |
Paraphilia |
|
Hypoxyphilia |
sexual participants become aroused by being deprived of oxygen |
Paraphilia |
|
Sexual sadism |
sexually gratification by inflicting pain or humiliation on others |
Paraphilia |
|
Sadomasochism |
the practice of mutually gratifying sexual interactions involving both sadistic and masochistic acts |
Paraphilia |
|
Psychological perspective |
theorists see the paraphilias as defense against castration anxiety from the phalic period of psychosexual development |
|
|
Biological perspective |
-some people might be hypersexual (higher than average sex drive) -brain wave patterns
|
|
|
treatment of paraphilic disorders: Psychoanalysis |
therapists in this field try to bring childhood sexual conflicts into awareness to they can be resolved |
|
|
Treatment of paraphilic: Cognitive behavioral therapy |
briefer than psychanalysis, focuses on direclty changing the problem behavior: Aversive Conditioning (physical aversion), covert sesitization (imagination aversion, and social skills training |
|
|
Biomedical therapies |
treatment with SSRI antidepressants (may be like OCD so it helps subdue those traits) |
|
|
Rape |
not a mental disorder -having carnal knowledge of another |
|
|
Stranger rape |
commited by an assailant who doesn't know victim |
rape |
|
acquantance rape |
commited by people known to the victim |
rape |
|
Date rape |
kind of acquantance -commited during a date |
rape |