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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Characteristics |
Inattention—
difficulty paying attention does not follow through with instructions difficulty organizing tasks or activities loses things, forgetful easily Distracted Hyperactivity/ impulsivity— fidgets or won’t stay in seat. runs about or climbs when not acceptable Loud at play seems “on the go” or “driven by a Motor |
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ADD/ADHD Prevalence
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3-7% of school age children.
Substantially more common in Males |
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ADD/ADHD Course
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Onset generally before 4 but may not be diagnosed until School
Academic Under achievement. common. Many outgrow it during or after adolescence. May have future Work problems |
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Oppositional Defiant Disorder
Characteristics |
Pattern of negative, hostile, and defiant behavior.
Often loses Temper. Refuses to comply with Rules. Deliberately Annoys people. Blames others for own mistakes/ behavior. Touchy, angry, vindictive. |
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ODD
Prevalence Course |
2-16%
Usually begins before age 8 More common in Males before puberty; same rates in females More common in children also diagnosed with ADHD |
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Conduct Disorder
Characteristics |
Pattern of behavior in which the rights of others are violated.
Aggression to people and animals— Bullying, threatening, assaulting, mugging others. Using Weapons Cruelty to Animals Forcing others into sexual activity Destruction of property/fire setting. Deceitfulness or Theft Serious violations of rules—Running away.. Truancy before age-- 13 |
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Conduct Disorder Prevalence/ Course
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Prevalence—
Estimated 6-16% of adolescent males and 2-9% of adolescent females. Majority are victims of Abuse/ Course— Often first diagnosed with ADHD Early onset particularly associated with adult antisocial behavior. |
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Reactive Attachment Disorder
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Refers to a pattern of very disturbed and inappropriate Social Behavior. Two types:
Inhibited type—failure to initiate or respond to social interactions (appear guarded or ambivalent). Disinhibitedtype—indiscriminate sociability, lack of selectiveness (e.g., becomes overly familiar with strangers).Due to “Grossly Pathological care”— Neglect of basic Physical and emotional needs. Multiple changes in Primary caregivers |
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RAD Prevalence/Course
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Prevalence—very uncommon in general population; seen more in children in out-of-home placements
Course— “Grossly pathological care” experienced before age 5 If placed in a healthy environment may remit, but otherwise will Persist throughout life. |
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Causes of Behavior Disorders
Organic Heredity |
Organic causes (brain pathology)— Prenatal
insults—e.g., maternal smoking for ADHD; alcohol/marijuana and impulse control problems. Physical injury—accidental or abuse-related Heredity— Genetic links for ADHD, CD, ODD May inherit a tendency toward impulsivity and/or anger. |
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Causes of Behavior Disorders
Family environment |
RAD—lack of experience with normal, trusting relationships
Neglect/abuse—modeling of aggressive behavior Family disruption/prenatal stress. Inconsistent or overly indulgent discipline |
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Pervasive Developmental Disorders: Autism
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“Pervasive” disorders involve impairment in multiple areas of functioning, and throughout lifetime.
Autism from “autos” as appear preoccupied with selves Could reflect a processing deficit —feel overstimulated, so engage in self-stimulation to make world predictable/ manageable. Characteristics— Impaired Social interactions —e.g., lack of empathy/friends. Impaired Communication —e.g., mutism, strange volume, repeating. Restricted activities and interests— preoccupation with objects/routines. |
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MR IQ- 55-69
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Mild- Can acquire basic reading and math skills, live independently, work with some guidance. 85% in this range
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IQ 40-54
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Moderate-Basic communication and manual skills, need help with self-care
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IQ 25-39
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Severe -Can walk and understand some communication, need continuing supervision.
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IQ Below 25-
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Profound-Show emotions, need close supervision, may need nursing care
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IQ 70-79—
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Borderline.Can finish school with help, live independently and work in fairly manual jobs.
May feel Socially Rejected |
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Learning Disorders
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Inadequate development of academic skills that significantly interferes with Educational or Educ. Dependent daily functioning.
Functioning lower than would be expected given the individual’s apparent intellectual ability |
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Learning disorder Types Include.
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Types include—
Reading disorder (dyslexia). Mathematics disorder (dyscalculia). Prevalence— 2-10% Course— Generally identified until school Persist into adulthood unless remediation is provided. |
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Causes of developmental Disorders
Organic... |
Perinatal insults— After Birth
Autism associated with maternal Illness , also Anoxia (lack of oxygen) during birth. MR caused by maternal Malnutrition and Viral infections, perinatal Trauma. associated with MR and LD. Physical injury (accidental/abuse-related)— Autism tied to encephalitis MR can be caused by metabolic problems, lead poisoning, childhood malnutrition. |
