Abnormal Psychology Chapter 8

Front 1

At their core, both anorexia and bulimia nervosa share which symptom?

Back 1

drive for thinness

Front 2

What is the key symptom that differentiates between anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa?

Back 2

weight

Front 3

What is the difference between purging and non-purging and bulimia nervosa?

Back 3

purging: laxative, diuretics, enemas
non-purging: fasting, exercise

Front 4

What is the difference between non-purging bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder?

Back 4

BED does not involve engagement in compensatory behaviors

Front 5

Binge eating is characterized by:

Back 5

eating a larger amount of food in a given period of time than is socially sanctioned, coupled with a sense of loss of control

Front 6

These three disorders are very common among persons with eating disorders:

Back 6

mood disorders, anxiety disorders, substance abuse disorders

Front 7

Whereas persons with binge eating disorder and bulimia nervosa are reluctant to seek treatment for fear of embarrassment, persons with anorexia nervosa are very unlikely to seek treatment because:

Back 7

They don’t think they have a problem.

Front 8

What factors seem to increase the risk for eating disorders, particularly among women?

Back 8

-societal ideals
-puberty which shifts women away from ideals,
-internalization of thin ideal,
-negative affect,
-dieting/restriction of food intake,
-perfectionistic family – likes to maintain look of harmony

Front 9

Medications tend (not to be/to be) helpful for persons with anorexia nervosa, whereas antidepressants may assist in the treatment of bulimia nervosa by improving mood.

Back 9

not to be

Front 10

Treatment for eating disorders should address:

Back 10

thoughts, cognitions, behaviors, relationships.

Front 11

The two types of treatment for eating disorders include: Which works faster?

Back 11

IPT, CBT
CBT works faster

Front 12

Give an example of an eating disorder prevention program:

Back 12

student bodies,

Front 13

Although not an eating disorder, this problem affects 30% of Americans and results in significant psychological and medical comorbidity, costing the US over 117 billion in health care costs annually.

Back 13

obesity

Front 14

Causes of obesity include:

Back 14

industrialization, changes in portion size, more sedentary lifestyle

Front 15

What are the two broad classifications of sleep disorders and give an example of each:

Back 15

-dyssomnias-> disruptions in sleep quality, quantity, onset such as insomnia
-parasomnias-> abnormal behaviors and physiological events during sleep

Front 16

This is a comprehensive set of physiological recordings made during sleep to aid in the diagnosis of various sleep disorders:

Back 16

polysomnography

Front 17

Insomnia may be caused by:

Back 17

-pain/physical discomfort,
-delayed temperature rhythm,
-light, noise, temperature,
-other sleep disorders (apnea, periodic limb movement disorder),
-stress,
-anxiety,
-poor sleep habits (hygiene),
-sleeping pills

Front 18

Whereas hypersomnia is a parasomnia, narolepsy is a: ____________________.

Back 18

dyssomnia

Front 19

Sleep narcolepsy involves the sudden onset of REM sleep, cataplexy, sleep paralysis, and hypnagogic hallucinations, that occur in response to strong emotional states. Please define these terms.

Back 19

-REM – rapid eye movement sleep or dream sleep
-cataplexy – loss of muscle tone
-sleep paralysis – upon awakening, one is momentarily paralyzed & cannot speak
-hypnogogic hallucinations – vivid hallucinations, involve all senses, at start of sleep
-strong emotional states – being upset, angry, etc.

Front 20

What is the difference between obstructive and central sleep apnea?

Back 20

-obstructive – obstruction of airflow
-central – cessation of respiratory activity, usually associated with head trauma, cerebral vascular disease, degenerative diseases

Front 21

Jet lag and shift work may contribute to this sleep disorder:

Back 21

circadian rhythm disorder

Front 22

What’s the problem with taking benzodiazepines for sleep disorders?

Back 22

They’re good for short-term or periodic use only; extended use results in excessive sleepiness, rebound insomnia, dependence, and sometimes sleep walking

Front 23

______________________ medication is used for the treatment of hypersomnia/narcolepsy whereas ________________________ medication is used for the treatment of cataplexy.

Back 23

stimulant, antidepressant

Front 24

Breathing-related sleep disorders are treated with:

Back 24

-tricyclic medications,
-weight loss,
-mechanical devices (CPAP, dental splint),
-surgery

Front 25

Circadian rhythm disorders are treated with:

Back 25

-phase delays (moving bedtime later), -phase advances (moving bedtime earlier),
-phototherapy (exposure to very bright light)

Front 26

A parasomnia involving REM sleep is ______________; a parasomnia involving non-REM sleep is ___________________.

Back 26

REM: nightmare disorder; non-REM; sleep terror disorder, somnambulism (sleep walking)

Front 27

The treatment for sleep terror disorder involves:

Back 27

wait and see or scheduled awakenings

Front 28

what are some health risks of obesity?

Back 28

-hypertension
-heart disease
-diabetes
-gallbladder disease
-arthritis
-several different types of cancer

Front 29

what are some medical consequences of bulimia?

Back 29

-salivary gland enlargement
-erosion of dental enamel
-electrolyte imbalance
-kidney failure
-cardiac arrhythmia
-seizure
-intestinal problems

Front 30

what are the two subtypes of anorexia?

Back 30

restricting-> does not eat or eats very little
binge-eating-purging-> anorexic who engages in binge eating or purging

Front 31

what are some medical consequences of anorexia?

Back 31

-amenorrhea
-brittle hair and nails
-sensitivity to cold temps.
-lanugo
-cardiovascular problems
-osteoporosis/osteopenia
-fainting/fatigue

Front 32

what is binge-eating disorder?

Back 32

food binges with no compensatory behaviors

Front 33

what are some associated features of people with binge-eating disorder?

Back 33

-obese
-30s and 40s
-more psychopathology than non-bingeing obese

Front 34

bulimia is more common among what nationalities and what is the age of onset?

Back 34

-caucasian and hispanic
-16-19

Front 35

anorexia is more common among what nationalities and what is the age of onset?

Back 35

-caucasian and asian
-13-15

Front 36

binge-eating disorder is most common among which race?

Back 36

African American

Front 37

what is the relationship between obesity and eating disorders?

Back 37

as one increases, so does the other

Front 38

what is night eating syndrome?

Back 38

-a person does not eat anything until afternoon, then has dinner, then eats over 1/3 amount of calories after dinner
-patients are awake
-no binge eating

Front 39

list from least to most intrusive forms of treatment for obesity.

Back 39

-self-directed weight loss programs
-commercial self-help programs
-behavior modification programs
-bariatric surgery

Front 40

this instrument measures brain waves during sleep.

Back 40

electroencephalograph (EEG)

Front 41

this instrument measures eye movement during sleep.

Back 41

eletrooculograph (EOG)

Front 42

this instrument measures muscle movements during sleep.

Back 42

eletromyography (EMG)

Front 43

this instrument tells how much movement occurs during sleep.

Back 43

actigraph

Front 44

what is the dysomnia associated with too much sleeping or excessive sleepiness?

Back 44

hypersomnia

Front 45

what is characteristic of circadian rhythm disorder?

Back 45

-inability to synchronize day and night
-insomnia or hyersomnia

Front 46

what is the brain's biological clock that stimulates melatonin which induces sleep?

Back 46

suprachiasmatic nucleus

Front 47

what are the two types of sleep?

Back 47

REM sleep-> dream-like sleep
NREM sleep-> deeper stage of sleep

Front 48

what is nocturnal eating syndrome?

Back 48

person eats while asleep and has no memory of eating

Front 49

what are some future directions of public policy incentives for obesity?

Back 49

-taxation of high fat foods
-incentives for healthy foods