Abnormal Psychology (3)

Front 1

All substances except ___ can result in a diagnosis of Substance Dependence.

Back 1

caffeine

Front 2

Persisting Perception Disorder is only associated with the substance of ___.

Back 2

hallucinogens

Front 3

A diagnosis of Substance Dependence requires continued use of a substance for a period of __ months with at least __ symptom(s).

Back 3

12 months
3 symptoms

Front 4

Continued use of a substance to avoid withdrawal symptoms is called ___

Back 4

withdrawal.

Front 5

Problems caused by Substance Dependence include __ and __ problems.
Problems caused by Substance Abuse include __ and __ problems.

Back 5

Substance Dependence: psychological or physical problems
Substance Abuse: social or interpersonal problems (also legal problems)

Front 6

True or false: Craving is a required symptom for a Substance Dependence diagnosis.

Back 6

False

Front 7

Substance Abuse involves use over a __ month period with at least __ symptom(s).

Back 7

- 12 month
- 1 symptom

Front 8

Marlatt and Gordon identified addictive behaviors as ___.

Back 8

overlearned, maladaptive habit patterns

Front 9

Conger proposed a ___ hypothesis which holds that addiction is ___.

Back 9

- tension-reduction hypothesis
- a result of negative reinforcement

Front 10

The biopsychosocial model holds that addiction involves ___

Back 10

- an interaction between physical, psychological, and sociocultural factors

Front 11

Most common trigger for relapse: __

Back 11

negative emotional states (eg, anxiety, frustration, depression)

Front 12

"abstinence violation effect" was termed by __ and involves ___.

Back 12

- Marlatt and Gordon
- a reaction to relapse that includes self-blame, anxiety, guilt, depression, and which leads to further susceptibility to relapse

Front 13

The Relapse Prevention Model was developed by ___ and involves ___.

Back 13

- Marlatt and Gordon
- CBT approach to help person identify and avoid situations that place person at risk for relapse: situations that elicit negative emotional states, cues, or social pressures.

Front 14

Average weight gain during first few months after quitting smoking is __ pounds.

Back 14

5-6 pounds

Front 15

__(Males or females?)__ are more likely to be successful at quitting smoking, to have started smoking at a __ age, and have abstained for longer than __ days during previous attempts.

Back 15

- Males
- a later age
- longer than 5 days

Front 16

ApA's smoking cessation intervention includes
1)
2)
3)

Back 16

1) nicotine replacement therapy
2) multicomponent behavioral therapy that includes skills training, relapse prevention, stimulus control, and/or rapid smoking
3) support and assistance from a clinician

Front 17

Substance Induced Disorders
- sxs of Alcohol Intoxication

Back 17

- inappropriate sexual or aggressive behavior
- impaired judgment
- emotional lability
- slurred speech
- incoordination and unsteady gait
- nystagmus (lack of smooth eye movt, dancing eyes)

Front 18

Substance Induced Disorders
- sxs of Alcohol Withdrawal

Back 18

- autonomic hyperactivity (sweating, tachycardia)
- hand tremor
- insomnia
- nausea
- transient illusions or hallucinations
- anxiety, psychomotor agitation
- grand mal seizures after prolonged/heavy use

Front 19

Substance Induced Disorders
- sxs of Alcohol Withdrawal Delirium (aka ____)

Back 19

- Delirium Tremens
- disturbances in consciousness and other cognitive functions
- autonomic hyperactivity
- vivid hallucinations
- delusions
- agitation following prolonged use

Front 20

Substance Induced Disorders
- sxs of Alcohol-Induced Persisting Amnestic Disorder (aka ___) include ___.
- This disorder is often preceded by __, which has sxs of ___
- Co-occurrence of these two disorders is called __-

Back 20

- Korsakoff Syndrome
-- sxs include: retrograde and anterograde amnesia, confabulation
- often preceded by Wernicke Syndrome
-- which has sxs of ataxia, abnormal eye movt (nystagmus, double vision), and confusion
- Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome

Front 21

Substance Induced Disorders
- Alcohol-Induced Sleep Disorder may result from either withdrawal, which causes sxs of ___, or tolerance, which causes sxs of ___.
- usually of the ___ type

Back 21

- when produced by Intoxication: increased sleepiness, followed by increased wakefulness, restlessness, and vivid anxiety-arousing dreams
- when produced by Withdrawal: severe disruption in sleep continuity and vivid dreams
- usually of the Insomnia Type

Front 22

Substance Induced Disorders
- sxs of Amphetamine Intoxiation

Back 22

- maladaptive behavioral and psychological changes, inc:
-- euphoria
-- anxiety
-- hyperactivity
-- grandiosity
-- confusion
-- anger
-- paranoid ideation
-- auditory hallucinations [note: amphetamines increase dopamine levels and can cause psychotic sxs, hence, the "dopamine hypothesis" for schizophrenia]
- other sxs:
- tachycardia
- elevated or lowered blood pressure
- dilated pupils
- perspiration or chills
- nausea or vomiting
- weight loss
- psychomotor agitation
- muscular weakness
- confusion
- seizures

Front 23

Substance Induced Disorders
- sxs of Cocaine Intoxication

Back 23

- maladaptive behavioral and psychological changes, inc:
-- euphoria
-- anxiety
-- hyperactivity
-- grandiosity
-- confusion
-- anger
-- paranoid ideation
-- auditory hallucinations
- other sxs:
- tachycardia
- elevated or lowered blood pressure
- dilated pupils
- perspiration or chills
- nausea or vomiting
- weight loss
- psychomotor agitation
- muscular weakness
- confusion
- seizures

Front 24

Substance Induced Disorders
- sxs of Amphetamine Withdrawal

Back 24

- dysphoric mood
- fatigue
- vivid and unpleasant dreams
- insomnia or hypersomnia
- increased appetite
- psychomotor agitation or retardation following heavy use
- a "crash" that includes lassitude and depression following a high-dose use

Front 25

Substance Induced Disorders
- sxs of

Back 25

- dysphoric mood
- fatigue
- vivid and unpleasant dreams
- insomnia or hypersomnia
- increased appetite
- psychomotor agitation or retardation following heavy use
- a "crash" that includes lassitude and depression following a high-dose use

Front 26

Substance Induced Disorders
- sxs of Caffeine Intoxication at a low dose

Back 26

- low doses:
-- restlessness
-- nervousness
-- insomnia
-- flushed face
-- diuresis
-- gastrointestinal problems

Front 27

Substance Induced Disorders
- sxs of Caffeine Intoxication at a high dose

Back 27

- high doses:
-- muscle twitching
-- rambling thoughts or speech
-- cardiac arrhythias
-- psychomotor agitation

Front 28

Substance Induced Disorders
- sxs of Sedative, Hypnotic, or Anxiolytic Intoxication

Back 28

- maladaptive behavioral and psychological changes
-- inappropriate aggressive and sexual behaviors
-- impaired judgment
-- mood lability
- at least one characteristic sx as the result of drug use:
-- slurred speech
-- incoordination
-- unsteady gait
-- nystagmus
-- impaired memory or attention,
-- stupor or coma

Front 29

Substance Induced Disorders
- sxs of Opioid Intoxication

Back 29

- an initial state of euphoria that is followed by apathy or dysphoria, psychomotor agitation or retardation, and impaired judgment
- other sxs include:
-- pupillary CONSTRICTION
-- drowsiness
-- impaired attention and memory
-- slurred speech
- severe intoxication can result in:
-- pupillary DILAITION
-- respiratory distress
-- coma
-- death

Front 30

Substance Induced Disorders
- sxs of Opioid Withdrawal

Back 30

sxs resemble a moderate to severe case of the fle:
- sweating
- goose bumps
- fever
- pupillary DILATION
- nausea and vomiting
- abdominal cramps
- diarrhea
- agitation and restlessness
- insomnia
- dysphoric mood

Front 31

Substance Induced Disorders
- sxs of Nicotie Withdrawal

Back 31

essential feature is the presence of characteristic symptoms following abrupt cessation of or reduction in the use of nicotine after daily use for at least several weeks
- sxs include:
-- depressed mood
-- insomnia
-- irritability
-- anxiety
-- restlessness
-- impaired concentration
-- decreased heart rate
-- increased appetite

Front 32

Substance Induced Disorders
- sxs of Hallucinogen Persisting Perception Disorder (aka ___)
- is person aware that the perception is a drug effect?

Back 32

- aka flashbacks
- re-experiencing one or more perceptual sxs that were experienced during one or more episodes of hallucinogen intoxication:
-- trailing images
-- afterimages
-- halos around objects
- person is not intoxicated and is aware the perception is a drug effect