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59 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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amnestic disorder
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A cognitive disorder marked by severe impairment in memory due to effects of substance use or a medical condition.
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amyloid cascade hypothesis
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A theory that genetic and environmental factors interact to produce substantial brain changes and dementia.
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atrophy
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Gradual deterioration or shrinkage of a brain area in people with dementia.
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cholinesterase inhibitors
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A class of drugs to treat people with dementia that help increase levels of acetylcholine in the brain.
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cognitive disorders
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Mental disorders marked by severe problems in thinking and memory, especially delirium, dementia, and amnestic disorder.
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delirium
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A cognitive disorder marked by usually temporary and reversible problems in thinking and memory.
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dementia
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A cognitive disorder marked by usually chronic, progressive, and irreversible problems in thinking and memory.
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Dementia due to parkinsons disease
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A form of dementia commonly associated with severe motor problems and atrophy of the substantia nigra of the brain.
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Dementia due to Picks disease
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A form of dementia marked by atrophy to the frontal and temporal lobes of the brain.
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Dementia of Alzheimers
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Also known as Alzheimer’s disease, a severe form of dementia marked by aphasia, apraxia, agnosia, and executive functioning and memory deficits.
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free radicals
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Aggressive substances produced by the body possibly to fight viruses and bacteria but which, in excess, can help lead to dementia.
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gene therapy
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Insertion of genes into an individual’s cells and tissues to treat a disorder.
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Korsakoffs syndrome
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A cognitive disorder marked by confusion, memory loss, and coordination problems.
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Lewy bodies
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Clusters of alpha-synuclein proteins that accumulate in the brain and can help lead to dementia.
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Memory training
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A psychological treatment for dementia to enhance a person’s memory by repeatedly practicing skills relying on external cues and mnemonic strategies to jog memory, increasing social interaction, and simplifying a living environment.
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Mental status examination
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An assessment strategy for people with cognitive disorders involving evaluation of appearance, mood, orientation, and odd behaviors, speech, or thoughts.
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Neurofibrillary tangles
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Twisted fibers inside nerve cells of the brain that can help lead to dementia.
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oxidative stress
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Damage to the brain from extensive exposure to oxygen and related matter.
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reality orientation
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A psychological treatment to reduce confusion in people with dementia using constant feedback about time, place, person, and recent events.
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senile or neuritic plaques
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Clusters of dead nerve cells and accumulations of amyloid proteins in the brain that can help lead to dementia.
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vascular dementia
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A form of dementia caused by a cerebrovascular problem such as a stroke.
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aftercare services
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Community-based services for people with severe mental disorders to ease the transition between hospital settings and independent living.
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catharsis
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A nonspecific factor in treatment that refers to venting emotions and release of tension in a client.
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civil commitment
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Involuntary hospitalization of people at serious risk for harming themselves or others or who cannot care for themselves.
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clinical pschologists
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Mental health professionals with a Ph.D. or Psy.D. who promote behavioral change usually via psychological interventions.
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community psychology
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A branch of psychology that focuses on enhancing quality of life for people and concentrating on their relationships with different social structures.
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competency to stand trial
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Whether a person can participate meaningfully in his own defense and can understand and appreciate the legal process that is involved.
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confidentiality
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The idea that discussions between a therapist and a client should not be divulged to other people unless consent is given.
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counseling psychologists
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Mental health professionals with an M.A. or Ph.D. who help clients make choices to improve quality of life.
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criminal commitment
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Involuntary hospitalization of people charged with a crime, either for determination of competency to stand trial or after acquittal by reason of insanity.
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dual relationships
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A client who is also a significant other in the therapist’s life; ethics standards dictate that this practice is to be avoided.
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educational psychologists
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Psychologists typically with a Ph.D. who work in school settings or academia to study and improve learning strategies for youth and adults.
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Forensic psychology
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A branch of psychology involving the interaction of psychological and legal principles.
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informed consent
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The practice of educating potential clients about the therapy process, especially variables that might influence their decision to seek therapy.
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insanity
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A legal term that refers to mental incapacity at the time of the crime, perhaps because a person did not understand right from wrong or because she was unable to control personal actions at the time of the crime.
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insight
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(1) An active treatment ingredient whereby a client comes to understand reasons for his maladaptive behavior and how to address it. (2) Understanding the unconscious determinants of irrational feelings, thoughts, or behaviors that create problems or distress.
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Least restrictive treatment
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A principle according to which people with mental disorders should receive effective treatment that impinges least on their freedom.
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Marriage and family therapists
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Mental health professionals with an M.A. or Ph.D. who specialize in working with couples and families.
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mastery
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An active treatment ingredient involving strong control over one’s symptoms to the point they are not problematic to the individual.
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nonspecific factors
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General ingredients common to most psychological treatments that help promote mental health in a client.
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normalization
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The idea that people with mental disorders in regular living environments will behave more appropriately than those in large institutions
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paraprofessionals
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Persons without advanced degrees who often work in mental health settings and assist with assessment and treatment procedures.
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placebo effect
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A nonspecific factor in treatment involving a client’s expectation of improvement in therapy.
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prescriptive treatment
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Assigning a specific treatment to an individual with a specific mental health problem or subtype of a problem.
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process variables
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General ingredients common to most psychological treatments that promote mental health in a client.
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psychiatric nurses
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Specialized nurses with an R.N. who often work on inpatient psychiatric wards and have training specific to mental disorders.
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psychiatrists
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Mental health professionals with an M.D. who often subscribe to a medical or biological model to treat people with mental disorders.
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psychoanalyst
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A mental health professional that specializes in Freudian psychoanalysis to treat people with mental disorders.
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psychotherapist
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A generic mental health professional, or one not currently licensed as a psychologist or psychiatrist.
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right to refuse treatment
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A principle according to which clients have the right to refuse risky or unconventional or discomfiting treatments.
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right to treatment
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A principle according to which clients have the right to receive treatment that provides a meaningful chance of improvement in their condition.
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school psychologists
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Psychologists with an M.A. or Ph.D. who typically work in school settings to evaluate youth with learning and behavioral problems.
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self-control
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An active treatment ingredient whereby a client learns to control wayward impulses or emotions to improve quality of life.
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self-help group
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An association of people who share a common problem such as a mental disorder that the group tries to address.
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social role valorization
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The idea that people, especially those with mental disorders, behave less deviantly if valued by others in their environment.
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social workers
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Mental health professionals with an M.A. or Ph.D. who work to improve quality of life for people with mental disorders.
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special education teachers
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Specialized teachers with an M.A. or Ph.D. who work primarily with youth with developmental disabilities in academic settings.
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therapeutic alignment
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A nonspecific factor in treatment whereby a therapist sides with a particular individual to balance communications or power.
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therapeutic alliance
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A nonspecific factor in treatment that refers to the relationship between the therapist and a client.
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