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67 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Do disorders start in childhood?
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Yes, some start in childhood and then go away, some turn into a different illness, others remain throughout a lifetime.
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Are boys or girls more likely to have disorders?
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Boys
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What is the best way to diagnose childhood mental disorders?
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Observe behavior and somatic symptoms.
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At what age do anxiety disorders appear and why?
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They don't show up until age 7 because younger children don't have the ability to anticipate events.
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How does GAD manifest in children?
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They worry about things that apply to them such as parents divorcing or dying, pets dying, things on TV. More likely to complain about physical ailments (tummy ache), and sleep problems.
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How does social phobia present in children?
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They are afraid of being judged negatively, embarrassing themselves. They avoid social situations as a result.
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What is school phobia?
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Unrealistically terrified of school.
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What is separation anxiety disorder?
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It is separation anxiety so severe that children do not recover from separation from the caregiver who they fear will never return.
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Do children suffer from mood disorders?
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Uncommon in children, although it is hard to distinguish from normal childhood mood swings.
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How does MDD present in children?
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They lose interest in having friends, playing with toys. They are more likely to have somatic effects and judge themselves.
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What are considerations before medicating children?
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Any cause in what's going on in their life (divorce, death in family) should be ruled out first. Should be monitored closely because child's brain works differently.
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What is the cognitive explanation for suicide attempts in children?
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They don't think through the consequences of what death means and how it will affect others.
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Does bipolar disorder exist in children?
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Mainly in teens. The issue is that the medication is extreme.
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What is ODD?
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Oppositional Defiant Disorder, which affects ages 2 to 8, is characterized by children having a problem with authority.
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Is ODD more common in boys or girls?
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Boys.
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What is Conduct Disorder?
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CD kids have a problem with authority and the rights of others. They break laws, hurt people and animals.
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What is parent-child interaction therapy (PCIT)?
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A very specific parenting skills training that uses a predictable structure around the child. Can make a difference, especially with small children.
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What is problem solving skills training?
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Models positive behavior using techniques like role playing and operant conditioning for positive behavior.
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Why are prevention programs for ODD/CD kids important?
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Because CD kids can be dangerous and the disorder can develop into sociopathological behavior (often if abuse is present). The worse thing for CD kids is too much free time.
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What is methylphenidate?
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Ritalin. Controls random neuron firing.
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What are the two elimination disorders?
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Enuresis (uncontrollable urinating) and encopresis (uncontrollable defecating).
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What are causes of enuresis?
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Behavioral: ineffective potty training.
Psychodynamics: coping with anxiety. Biological: weak bladder muscle control. |
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What mental age must a child be for diagnosis of enuresis?
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5 years old.
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What mental age must a child be for encopresis?
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Older than 4.
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Is encopresis more common in boys or girls?
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Boys.
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What is treatment for encopresis?
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Behavioral and medical (sometimes they have a history of constipation.)
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Can encopresis be a sign of ODD?
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Yes.
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What are pervasive disorders?
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They begin in childhood and last throughout life.
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What is autism?
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A disorder marked by extreme nonresponsiveness to others, a tendency toward highly repetitive and rigid behavior.
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When does autism appear?
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Between ages 2 and 3.
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What language and communication problems do autistic people have?
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Only half develop language skills, The other half have deficits like finding proper tone, talking spontaneously, echolalia.
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What is preservation of sameness?
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Autistic patients can become upset if people, clothing or other things in their world change in some way.
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What are the behaviors that mark autism?
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Lack of responsiveness, language/communication problems, repetitive/rigid behavior, preservation of sameness, self-stimulatory behaviors, over and understimulation.
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What are two explanations for savant behavior?
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1) because their mind is not occupied in filtering the information that a normal brain reacts to they canf ocus on special talent; 2) "talent" is actually at normal level for their age but seems greater compared to their deficits.
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How is autism treated?
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Behavioral therapy that teaches them social skills through modeling and operant conditioning.
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What types of communication training can be used with autistic children?
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They can learn sign language or communicate through pictures and symbols.
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What is the cutoff IQ score for mental retardation?
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70
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What is mild retardation?
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IQ of 50 to 70. They can take care of themselves, benefit from schooling and can hold a job.Improvement can be made if it is caught early and is caused by environmental factors.
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What is moderate retardation?
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IQ of 35 to 49. Delay can show up in preschool. They frequently need some kind of supervision.
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What is severe retardation?
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IQ of 20 to 34. They need constant care. Have problems performing basic motor skills.
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What is profound retardation?
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IQ of less than 20. Problems are noticeable from birth. They require round the clock care.
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What is the most common cause of retardation?
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FAS is the most common preventable cause. Down Syndrome is the most common non-preventable cause. Risk increases at age 35 and is even higher over age 40.
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What is PKU?
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Phenylketonuria is a metabolic disorder in which the patient cannot break down a specific amino acid. It can be toxic and cause brain damage but the good news is that damage can be easily prevented through diet. Testing now done at birth.
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What are prenatal and birth related causes of retardation?
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Low nutrition, low birth weight, anoxia.
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What are three interventions for retardation?
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Special education, mainstreaming and inclusion, shelter workshops.
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What is profound retardation?
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IQ of less than 20. Problems are noticeable from birth. They require round the clock care.
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What is the most common cause of retardation?
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FAS is the most common preventable cause. Down Syndrome is the most common non-preventable cause. Risk increases at age 35 and is even higher over age 40.
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What is PKU?
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Phenylketonuria is a metabolic disorder in which the patient cannot break down a specific amino acid. It can be toxic and cause brain damage but the good news is that damage can be easily prevented through diet. Testing now done at birth.
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What are prenatal and birth related causes of retardation?
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Low nutrition, low birth weight, anoxia.
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What are three interventions for retardation?
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Special education, mainstreaming and inclusion, shelter workshops.
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When do personality disorders become apparent?
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Adolescence and adulthood.
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Do people with personality respond well to treatment?
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No.
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What are the three Odd Personality disorders?
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Paranoid personality disorder, schizoid personality, schizotypal personality
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What is paranoid personality disorder?
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Patients exhibit extreme distrust and suspicion of other people. They are not completely delusional -- they will be paranoid about things that are real.They blame others for their problems.
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What are the causes of PPD?
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Growing up they had negative experiences with other people, cognitive: maladaptive thoughts (e.g. all or nothing);
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What is schizoid personality disorder?
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They could care less about social relationships, show little emotion and prefer to be alone. They don't care what people think.
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What are explanations of SPD?
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Lack of human contact early in life. They probably wouldn't seek treatment, because that would mean involvement with other people.
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What is schizotypal personality disorder?
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Has characteristics of paranoia and sensory hallucinations. Similar to schizophrenia, tend to be religious fanatics or believe in supernatural. Usually do not have close relationships or productive lives.
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What is antisocial personality?
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Persistent disregard and violation of other people's rights. Can develop from Conduct Disorder. Marked by a lack of moral conscience (four times more likely in men!).
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What are the dramatic personality disorders?
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Antisocial personality
Borderline personality Histrionic (hysterical) personality Narcissistic personality |
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What are the anxious personality disorders?
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Avoidant personality disorder
Dependent personality disorder Obsessive compulsive personlity disorder |
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What is the difference between schizoid and schizotypal personality?
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Schizoid doesn't want relationships with others, schizotypal does but is too suspicious of others. Schizotypal is closer to schizophrenia and includes mild psychosis and eccentric behavior.
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How does obsessive personality disorder differ from OCD?
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OCPDs are perfectionists who think their behaviors like list-making, cleaning, etc. are the "right" way to do things whereas OCD use these compulsion to relieve obsessive thoughts (almost like a superstition).
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What are the big 5 personality scales?
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1. Neuroticism -- Emotional Stability
2. Extroverted -- Introverted 3. Openness to new experience -- Resistant (ocpd) 4. Agreeableness -- Antagonism (antisocial) 5. Conscientiousness -- Impulsiveness |
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What are the two types of schizophrenia?
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Type I (Reactive or Acute Schizophrenia) and Type II (Process Schizophrenia)
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What is Type I schizophrenia?
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Type I or Reactive schizophrenia is usually sudden and seems to be a reaction to some life crisis. It has a better prognosis.
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What is Type II schizophrenia?
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this type is characterized by lengthy periods of its development with a gradual deterioration and exclusively negative symptoms. Tend to be loners.
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