Abnormal Psych Exam 1

Front 1

What are the 4 characteristics of a stigma?

Back 1

-distinguishing characteristics
-undesirable attributes
-allows us to see people differently
-allows us to treat people differently

Front 2

what 5 things define a mental disorder?

Back 2

-personal distress
-disability
-dysfunction
-violation of social norms
-DSM IV

Front 3

consisted of exorcisms, trephining, leaching, and flogging. during this period people believed that mental illness was caused by both good and evil spirits

Back 3

demonology

Front 4

in the somatogenisis era of psychopathology, the cause of mental illness shifted to __ explanations

Back 4

biological

Front 5

in the somatogenisis era of psychopathology, mental illness was believed to be caused by an imbalance in 4 __

Back 5

humors

Front 6

the 4 humors of somatogenisis are __

Back 6

-blood
-black bile
-yellow bile
-phlegm

Front 7

the 4 humors of somatogenisis represneted __

Back 7

the 4 elements (air, water, fire, earth)

Front 8

too much blood=

Back 8

irritability

Front 9

too much black bile=

Back 9

depression

Front 10

too much yellow bile=

Back 10

irritability, aggressiveness

Front 11

too much phlegm=

Back 11

sluggish, lacking in energy

Front 12

people in the somatogenisis era believed that __ healed mental illness

Back 12

good diet, exercise

Front 13

the main shift in the cause of mental illness from the somatogenisis era to the psychogenesis era was the shift from __ to __ explanations

Back 13

biological-->psychological

Front 14

first used hypnosis to treat mentally ill

Back 14

mesmer

Front 15

first taught catharsis (people expressing themselves and their symptoms) in treatment

Back 15

charcot

Front 16

frueds mentor during the psychogenesisi period

Back 16

breuer

Front 17

before the 1200's, the mentally ill werer cared for in the __ or were __

Back 17

home, homeless

Front 18

the rise of asylums occured due to the move from __ to __

Back 18

rural, urban

Front 19

a mental asylum where the mentally ill were chained to walls, the care was terrible

Back 19

st. bethlehem

Front 20

argued for more humane forms of treatment for the mentally ill during the asylum era

Back 20

pinel, dix

Front 21

introduced rational principles of medicine to mental illness

Back 21

benjamen rush

Front 22

benjamen rush thought that mental illness was casued by __

Back 22

excess bloodflow to the brain

Front 23

used insulin therapy to treat mental illness

Back 23

manfred sakel

Front 24

used electric shock therapy to treat mental illness, was the first to apply electricity to the brain

Back 24

ugo cerletti

Front 25

developed psychosurgery (labortomys)

Back 25

munoz

Front 26

incission of teh brain to sever connections to the front and back brain

Back 26

labotomy

Front 27

the first asylum in the US was built in __

Back 27

1773

Front 28

the first asylums in teh US were funded by the __

Back 28

quakers

Front 29

by the end of the civil war, the moral hygiene movement fell away b/c profession began to see some disorders were __

Back 29

chronic

Front 30

what came in to the late 1960's taht replaced asylums?

Back 30

antipsychotic drug

Front 31

conceptual framework, a way of thinking about things

Back 31

paradigm

Front 32

what are the 4 major paradigms of mental illness?

Back 32

-genetic
-neuroscience
-psychodynamic
-cognitive behavioral

Front 33

focuses on questions of whether certain genes cuase certain types of pathology and what is acutally inherited

Back 33

genetic paradigm

Front 34

all traits have some degree of __

Back 34

inheritability

Front 35

the __ we live in shapes how genes are expresssed

Back 35

environment

Front 36

heritable estimates range from __ and __ describe an individual.

Back 36

0-1.0, NEVER

Front 37

heritable estimates refer to a __ population

Back 37

large

Front 38

refers to how much variability there is in a certain population

Back 38

heritable estimates

Front 39

everything from parents, interactions with family, how you were raised

Back 39

shared environment

Front 40

all experiences with friends outside of home, with peers

Back 40

non-shared environment

Front 41

proved that non-shared enviornments were more important than shared by studying her own daughters

Back 41

judith R harris

Front 42

looks at the interaction between genes and our environment

Back 42

behavioral genetics

Front 43

DNA makeup of a cell, the actual gene

Back 43

genotype

Front 44

physical expression of gene

Back 44

phenotype

Front 45

our genetic profile makes us vulerable to certain experiences in our environments, but the environment also shapes how the gene is expressed. this is an example of a __

Back 45

recipricol interaction

Front 46

concerned with ways in which the brain contributes to psychopathology

Back 46

neuroscience paradigm

Front 47

4 major neurotransmitters

Back 47

-norepinpherine
-seratonin
-dopamine
-GABA

Front 48

the autonomic nervous system is composed of the __ and __ nervous systems

Back 48

sympathetic, parasympathetic

Front 49

responsible for fight or flight response

Back 49

sympathetic nervous system

Front 50

responsible for the rest and digest response

Back 50

parasympathetic nervous system

Front 51

concerned with how thinking influences development of healthy and unhealthy behaviors

Back 51

cognitive behavioral paradigm

Front 52

emotions are __ states

Back 52

short lived

Front 53

moods are __ states

Back 53

long term

Front 54

__% of dysfunctions in the DSM IV have to do with emotional processing

Back 54

85

Front 55

the 3 componenets of every emotion:

Back 55

1. expressive-how an individual expresses the emotion
2. experiential-the subjective experience of an emotional state
3. changes in teh ANS

Front 56

factors that cut accross paradigms:

Back 56

-emotion
-sociocultrual factors
-interpersonal and psychopathology factors

Front 57

types of sociocultrual factors (6):

Back 57

-environmental factors
-gender
-poverty
-cultural and ehtnic factors
-ethnicity
-health

Front 58

a failed or dysfunctional relationship is an example of what sociocultural factor?

Back 58

interpersonal

Front 59

disorders that are universal (every culture) are an example of what socioicultural factor?

Back 59

cultural and ethnic

Front 60

the most integrative of all approaches to mental illness treatment

Back 60

diathesis-stress model

Front 61

tries to link genetic, neurobiological, psychological and environmental factors together

Back 61

diathesis stress model

Front 62

any factor that represents a pre-disposition toward any particular disorder (everything w/in teh person ie genetics)

Back 62

diathesis

Front 63

the event that triggers teh disorder in conjunction with diathesis

Back 63

stress

Front 64

the field concerned with the nature, development, and treatment of mental disorders

Back 64

psychopathology

Front 65

the destructive beliefs and attitudes held by a society that are ascribed to groups considred different in some manner, such as people with mental illness

Back 65

stigma

Front 66

impairment in some important area of life

Back 66

disability

Front 67

the doctrine that an evil being or spirit can dwell within a person and control his or her mind and body

Back 67

demonology

Front 68

the ritualistic casting out of evil spirits

Back 68

exorcism

Front 69

reliving an earlier emotional trauma and releasing emotional tension by expressing prviously forgotten thoughts about the event

Back 69

cartharsis

Front 70

several genes

Back 70

polygenic

Front 71

different forms of teh same gene are called __

Back 71

alleles

Front 72

a difference in DNA sequence on a gene that has occurred in a population

Back 72

polymorphism

Front 73

differences between people in a single nucleotide in the DNA sequence of a particular gene

Back 73

single nucleotide plymorphisms (SNP's)

Front 74

a __ means that given persons sensitivity to an environmental event is influenced by genes

Back 74

gene-environment interaction

Front 75

the study of how the environment can alter gene expression or function is called __

Back 75

epigenetics

Front 76

the major cells that make up the nervous system

Back 76

neuron

Front 77

the electrical signal that travels down an axon

Back 77

nerve impulse

Front 78

the gap separating dendrites and axons

Back 78

synapse

Front 79

when some of what remains in the synapse is broken down by enzymes, and some is taken back into the presynaptic cell

Back 79

reuptake

Front 80

when a drug simulates a particular neurotransmitters receptors

Back 80

agonist

Front 81

a drug that works on a neurotransmitters receptors to dampen activity of that neurotransmitter

Back 81

antagonist

Front 82

the major connection between the two hemispheres of the brain

Back 82

corpus callosum

Front 83

comprises most of the neurons that form the thin outer covering of the brain

Back 83

gray matter

Front 84

white matter is made up of large __ fibers

Back 84

myelinated

Front 85

a relay station for all sensorypathways except the olfactory

Back 85

thalamus

Front 86

comprised fo the pons and the medulla oblongata

Back 86

brain stem

Front 87

recieves sensory nerves from teh vestibular apparatus of the ear and from muscles, tendons, and joints

Back 87

cerebellum

Front 88

when a number of synaptic connections begin to be eliminated in teh brain during development

Back 88

pruning

Front 89

what makes up the HPA axis?

Back 89

hypothalamus, pituitary gland, adrenal cortex

Front 90

stress hormone

Back 90

cortisol

Front 91

the mental processes of perceiving, recognizing,j conceiving, judging, and reasoning

Back 91

cognition

Front 92

changing a pattern of thought

Back 92

cognitive restructuring

Front 93

refers to the kind of emotional states that a person ideally wants

Back 93

ideal affect

Front 94

why is it hard to define a mental disorder?

Back 94

b/c not all behaviors we consider to be part of mental disorders cause distress

Front 95

separated from demonology and created the somatogenesis era

Back 95

hippocrates

Front 96

which trials and lunacy trials were part of the __

Back 96

dark ages

Front 97

why are paradigms important

Back 97

they specify what problems scientists will investigate and how they will go about the investigation