Abnormal Psych 342 Dsm Terms

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Mental Disorder

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A clinically significant behavioral or psychological syndrome or pattern that occurs in a person. Experiences things way beyond what the average person might experience.

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syndrome

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a group of symptoms that occur together and constitutes a recognizable condition. Is less specific that a disorder or disease.

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residual

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the pahse of an illness that occurs AFTER REMISSION of the symptoms or the full syndrome.

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prodromal

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early signs or symptoms of a disorder

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dianosis

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the process of identifying specific mental or physical disorders.

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psychomotor agitation

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excessive motor activity associated with a feeling of inner tension: usually nonproductive and repetitious.

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catatonic excitedment

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excited motor activity: apparently purposeless and not influenced by external stimuli.

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psychomotor retardation

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visible generalized slowing down of physical reactions, movements, and speech

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catatonic posturing

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voluntary assumption of an inappropriate or bizarre posture: usually held for a long period of time.

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catatonic rigidity

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maintenance of a rigid posture against all efforts to be moved.

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catatonic waxy flexibility

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ther person's limbs can be MOLDED into any position, which is then maintained. feels like the person is made of pliable wax.

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catatonic stupor

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marked decrease in reactivity to the environment and reduction in spontaneous movements and activity, sometimes to the point of appearing to be unaware of one's surroundings.

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compulsion

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- repetitive & purposeless behavior in response to an obsession.
- act is performed with a sense of subjective compulsion coupled with a desire to resist it
- performed act is not pleasurable

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echolalia

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repetition (echoing) of the workds or phrases of others

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obsession

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- repetitive worrying (thought of)
- avoidances always amplify the problem

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ECHOPRAXIA

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Repetition by imitation of the movements of another. The action is not a willed or voluntary one and has a semiautomatic and uncontrollable quality.

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catatonic negativism

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an apparently motiveless resistance to all instructions or attempts to be moved.

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illusion

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a misinterpretation. misperception of a real (actual) external stimulus

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Hallucination

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- a sensory perception WITHOUT external stimulation.
- has immediate sense of reality of a true perception
- positive: adding and seeing things not really present
- negative: removal of a person from sight/ taking away

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auditory hallucination

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a hallucination of sound, move commonly voices

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visual hallucination

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hallucination involving sight, may consist of formed images like people or unformed images

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olfactory hallucination

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a hallucination involoving smell

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gustatory hallucination

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a hallucination of taste

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tactile hallucination

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a hallucination involoving the sense of touch, often of something on or under the skin.
- ex. FORMICATION: sensation of something creeping or crawling on or under the skin

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somatic hallucination

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a hallucination invlolving the perception of a physical experience localized within the body. ex: a feeling of electricity running through one's body

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distractibility

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Attention drawn too frequently to unimportant or irrelevant external stimuli.

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Pressure of speech

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Speech that is increased in amount, accelerated, and difficult or impossible to interrupt. Usually it is also loud and emphatic. Frequently the person talks without any social stimulation, and may continue to talk even though no one is listening

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Poverty of speech

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restriction in the amount of speech,
- replies are brief and unelaborated.
- when sever, replies may be monosyllabic

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perseveration

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persistent repetition of words, ideas or subjects.
- continues to return to it

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circumstantiality

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describes speech that is indired and delays in reaching the point because of many unnecessary dtails and remarks

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tangentiality

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speech digresses from the topic of the moment and fails to return to the point

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flight of ideas

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a continuous flow of accelerated speech with abrupt changes from topic to topic
- change but you can tell why and where they got distracted

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loosening of associations

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thinking characterized by speech in which ideas shift from one subject to another that is completely unrelated
- can become so loose its uncomprehendable

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clanging

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speech in which sounds, rather than meaningful, conceptual relationships govern word choice, may include rhyming and punning

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neologisms

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new words invented by the subject, distortions of words, or standard words to which the subject has given new meaning

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incoherence

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- speech that is not understandable: a lack of logical or meaningful connection between words, phrases or sentences.
- excessive use of incomplete sentences

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blocking

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interruption of a train of speech before a thought or idea has been completed.

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illogical thinking

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thinking that contains obvious internal contradictions or in which conclusions are reached that are clearly erroneous

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delusion

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a false personal belief based on incorrect inference about external reality
- are subdivided according to their content

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persecutory delusion

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a delusion in hich the central there is that a person or group is being attacked, harassed, cheated, persecuted or conspired against

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graniose delusion

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a delusion whose content involves an exaggerated sense of one's importance, power, knowledge or identity

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delusion of reference

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delusion whose theme is that events, objects, or other people in the person’s immediate environment have a particular and unusual significance, usually of a negative or pejorative nature

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somatic delusion

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a delusion whose main content pertains to the functioning of one's body

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poverty delusion

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a delusion that the person is, or will lose all of their belongings

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jealous delusion

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the delusion that one's sexual partner is unfaithful

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delusion of being controlled

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a delusion in which feelings, impulses, thoughts or actions are experienced as being not one's own.
- does not include the mere conviction that one is acting as an agent of God

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nihilistic delusion

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a delusion involoving the theme of nonexistence of the self or part of self, others or the world.
- that something major doesn't exist

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bizarre delusion

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a false belief that involves a phenomenon that the person's culture would regard as totally implausible.
- considered totally weird in the specific culture (LDS: we can become Gods and GOdesses)

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systematized delusion

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a single delusion with multiple elaborations or a group of delusions that are all related by the person to a single event or theme

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paranoid ideation

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ideation, of less than delusional proportions, involving suspiciousness or the belief that one is being harassed, persecuted or unfairly treated

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grandiosity

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an inflated appraisal of one's worth, power, knowledge, importance or identity.
NOT TRUE DELUSION

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ideas of reference

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and idea, held less firmly that a delusion, that events objects, or other people in the person's immediate environment have a particular and usual meaning specifically for him or her

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obsessions

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recurrent, persistent, senseless ideas, thoughts, images or impluses that are ego-dystoic, that is they are not experinced as voluntarily produced

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phobia

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a persistent, irrational fear of a specific object, activity, or situations that results in a compelling desire to avoid the dreaded object, activity or situation

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poverty of content of speech

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speech that is adequate in amount but conveys little information because of vagueness, empty repetitions, or use of stereotyped or obscure phrases

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magical thinking

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the person believes that his or her thoughts, words, or actions might, or will in some manner, cause or prevent a specific outcome in some wa that defies the normal laws of cause and effect.

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affect

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- a pattern of observable behaviors that is the expression of a subjectively experience feeling state (emotion)
- range decribed as broad/normal, restricted/constricted/reduced, blunted/severely reduced, or flat/no emotion.
- is inappropriate when its clearly discorant with the content of speech
- is liable when it is characterized by repeated, rapid and abrupt shifts (all over the place)

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normal expression (broad)

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affect involves variability in facial expression, pitch of voice, and hand and body movements

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restricted affect

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characterized by a clear reduction in the expressive range and intensity of affects

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blunted affect

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marked by a severe reduction in the intensity of affective expression

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flat affect

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there is virtually no affective expression: generally the voice in monotonous and the face is immobile

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anxiety

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apprehension, tension or uneasiness that stems from the anticipation of danger: both external and internal
- may be focused on an object, situation or activity, which is avoided (phobia), or unfocused (free-floating)

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panic attacks

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discrete periods of sudden onset of of intense apprehension, fearfulness, or terror, often associated with feelings of impending doom

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mood

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a pervasive and sustained emotion that in extreme, markedly colors the person's perception of the world

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dysphoric mood

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an unpleasant mood: depression, anxiety or irritability

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irritable mood

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internalized feeling of tension associated with being easily annoyed and provoked to anger

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euthymic mood

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mood in the "normal" range implying the absence of depressed or elevated mood

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elevated mood

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a mood that is more cheerful than normal

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euphoric mood

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an exaggerated feeling of well-being.

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expansive mood

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lack of restraint in expressing one's feelings. may also be elevated or euphoric

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mood-congruent psychotic features

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delusions of hallucinations whose content is entirely consistent with either a depressed or manic mood

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mood-incongruent psychotic features

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delusions of hallucinations whose content is not consistent with either a depressed or manic mood

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disturbances of orientation

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confusion about the time of day, day, or sea (time), where one is (place), or who one is (person)

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hypermnesia

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exaggerated memory: ability to reall material that is not ordinarily available to the memory process.

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amnesia (2 types)

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loss of memory:
2 types:
- anterograde: loss of memory of events that occur after the onset of the etiological condition or agent (events following)
- retrograde: loss of memory of events that occurred before the onset of the etiological condition or agent. (events preceding)