Abnormal Psych - 01 - History

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goodness-to-fit - def'n

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The idea that behavior is problematic or not problematic depending on the environment in which it occurs

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culture-bound illness

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abnormal behaviors that are specific to a particular location or group

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abnormal behavior

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behavior that is inconsistent with the individual's developmental, cultural and societal norms, creates emotional distress, or interferes with daily functioning

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developmental trajectory

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the idea that common symptoms of a disorder may vary depending on a person's age

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trephination

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process to cut away sections of the skull, possibly to release demons in the brain

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mass hysteria

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when a group of people share and sometimes even act upon a belief that is not based on fact

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emotional contagion

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the auomatic mimicry and synchronization of expressions, vocalizations, postures and movements of one person by another

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animal magnetism

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a force that Mesmer belived flowed within the body, and, when impeded, resulted in disease

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placebo effect

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a condition in which symptoms of illness diminish or disappear not because of any specific treatment, but because the patient believes that a treatment is effective

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dementia praecox

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Old name for schizophrenia

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schizophrenia

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a disorder involving serious abnormalities in thought, perception and behavior

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talking cure

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therapy in the form of discussion of psychological distress with a trained professional, leading to the elimination of distressing symptoms

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psychoanalysis

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a theory of abnormal behavior originated by Sigmund Freud that was based on the belief that may aspects of behavior were controlled by unconscious innate biological urges that existed from infancy

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classical conditioning

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a form of learning in which a controlled stimulus (CS) is paired with an unconditioned stimulus (UCS) to produce a conditioned response - e.g. pavlov's dogs

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behaviorism

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the theory that the only appropriate objects of scientific study are behaviors that can be observed and measured directly

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scientist-practitioner approach

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an approach to psychological disorders based on the concept that when providing treatment to people with disorders, the psychologist relies on the findings of research and, in turn, when conducting research, the psychologist investigates topics that help to guide and improve psychological care

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neuroscience

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the study of the structure of and functino of the nervous system and the interaction of that system and behavior

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biological scarring

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the process whereby years of living with a disorder cause changes in the brain

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behavioral genetics

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field of study that explores the role of genes and environment in the transmission of behavioral traits

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viral infection theory

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the theory that during the prenatal period or shartly after birth, viral infections could cause some psychological disorders

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ego psychology

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a form of psychodynamic theory that focuses on conscious motivations and healthy forms of human functioning

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operant conditioning

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a form of learning in which behavior is acquired or changed by the events that happen afterward

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reinforcement

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a contingent event that strengthens the response that precedes it

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vicarious conditioning

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a distinct type of learning in which the person need not actually do the behavior in order to acquire it

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phenomenology

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a school of thought that holds one's subjective perception of the world is more important that the world in actuality

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sociocultural models

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the idea that abnormal behavior must be understood within the context of social and cultural forces

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biopsychosocial perspective

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the idea that biological, psychological, and social factors probably contribute to the development of abnormal behavior and different factors are important for different individuals

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diathesis-stress model of abnormal behavior

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the idea that psychological disorders may have a biological predisposition that lies dormant until environmental stress occurs and the combination produces abnormal behavior

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diathesis

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predisposition