Abnormal - Mental Dos Due To Gmc; Substance-Related; Sz

Front 1

What are the 3 diagnostic criteria for Mental DOs due to a GMC?

Back 1

1) Evid. from hx, phys. exam, and/or lab findings that condition is direct physiol. conseq. of GMC
2) Disturbance not better explained by substance-related or primary mental DO
3) Disturbance does not occur only during course of delirium.

Front 2

What type of dementia is most common?

Back 2

AD

Front 3

What percentage of cases does AD account for?

Back 3

65%

Front 4

What are the sxs of Stage 1 AD? (4)

Back 4

Anterograde amnesia (esp. declarative memories);
Deficits in visuospatial skills (wandering);
Indifference, irritability, and sadness;
Anomia

Front 5

What are the sxs of Stage 2 AD? (5)

Back 5

Increasing retrograde amnesia;
Flat or labile mood;
Restlessness and agitation;
Delusions;
Fluent aphasia, acalculia and ideomotor apraxis (inability to translate an idea into movement)

Front 6

What are the sxs of Stage 3 AD? (4)

Back 6

Severely deteriorated intellectual fng;
Apathy;
Limb rigidity;
Urinary and fecal incontinence

Front 7

When does Stage 1 AD occur?

Back 7

1 to 3 years

Front 8

When does Stage 2 AD occur?

Back 8

2 to 10 years

Front 9

When does Stage 3 AD occur?

Back 9

8 to 12 years

Front 10

What is the average duration of AD from sx onset until death?

Back 10

8 to 10 years

Front 11

AD is more common in males or females?

Back 11

Females.

Front 12

Etiology of AD (4)

Back 12

Genetic
Aluminium deposits in brain tissue
Malfunctioning immune system
Low level of ACh

Front 13

What kinds of genetic abnormalities occur in AD? (2)

Back 13

Chromosome 21 - early-onset familial type
Chromosome 19 - later-onset type

Front 14

After a stroke, when does most improvement occur?

Back 14

First 6 months

Front 15

What % of people with PD eventually develop dementia?

Back 15

20 to 60%

Front 16

Etiology of PD

Back 16

Not clear, but most common form probably due to environmental factors.

Front 17

When do sxs of Huntington's dz usually first appear?

Back 17

Between 30 and 40 years.

Front 18

What is the order of sxs in Huntington's?

Back 18

Affective, cognitive, motor.

Front 19

Substance Dependence is diagnosed when there are ____ sxs over _______ period.

Back 19

3 symptoms during 12 mth period.

Front 20

Potential for future relapse in alcoholics is reduced when person attributes episode of drinking as a mistake resulting from _______, _______, and _______ factors.

Back 20

Specific, external, controllable.

Front 21

Cig smokers are ____ times more likely than nonsmokers to experience myocardial infarction, cardiac arrest or stroke.

Back 21

3 to 4 times.

Front 22

Within 1 to 5 years after smokers quit, the risk for myocardial infarction, cardiac arrest or stroke is reduced to ________.

Back 22

the same risk as those who never smoked.

Front 23

What % of people trying to quit smoking maintain LT abstinence?

Back 23

7.5%

Front 24

What % of smokers quit on their own without prof. help?

Back 24

91%

Front 25

What are the 2 factors that precipitate relapse in smokers?

Back 25

1) negative mood
2) presence of smoking cues

Front 26

Successful smoking cessation programs have 3 elements. What are they?

Back 26

1) nicotine replacemt therapy
2) multicomponent beh therapy
3) support and assistance from clinician

Front 27

For a diagnosis of Substance Abuse, there has to be presence of _____ sx during a ______ period.

Back 27

1 sx, 12 month

Front 28

Alcohol-Related DOs are associated with ___________.

Back 28

all Substance-Induced DOs except Persisting Perception DO

Front 29

What is dxic criteria for Sz?

Back 29

Continuous disturbance of 6 months or more with 1 month of 2 or more active-phase sxs.

Front 30

What are common co-diagnoses with Sz?

Back 30

Substance Dependence and Nicotine Dependence

Front 31

What is the prevalence rates for Sz in males and females (according to DSM-IV-TR)?

Back 31

Slightly higher for males than females

Front 32

What is the modal age of onset of Sz for males?

Back 32

18 to 25

Front 33

What is the modal age of onset of Sz for females?

Back 33

25 to 35

Front 34

Which gender has more positive symptoms of Sz?

Back 34

females

Front 35

Which gender has more negative symptoms of Sz?

Back 35

males

Front 36

Over time, what happens to positive and negative sxs of Sz?

Back 36

Positive sxs tend to decrease, while negative sxs tend to increase.

Front 37

What is the incidence of Sz in the general population?

Back 37

.5% to 1.5%

Front 38

What is the concordance rate of Sz for biological sibling?

Back 38

10%

Front 39

What is the concordance rate of Sz for fraternal (dizygotic) twin?

Back 39

17%

Front 40

What is the concordance rate of Sz for identical (monozygotic) twin?

Back 40

48%

Front 41

What is the concordance rate of Sz for child where both parents are schizophrenic?

Back 41

46%

Front 42

What are the typical brain abnormalities associated with Sz? (2)

Back 42

Inc'd volume of lateral and 3rd ventricles, hypofrontality;

Front 43

What are the neurochemical theories in the etiology of Sz? (3)

Back 43

DA hypothesis;
Elevated NE and 5-HT, low GABA and glutamate;

Front 44

Prenatal factors implicated in Sz?

Back 44

Born in late winter or early spring (exposure to influenza virus?)

Front 45

What are the family factors implicated in Sz?

Back 45

Double-bind communication
High expressed emotion

Front 46

Dxic criteria for Schizophreniform DO

Back 46

Disturbance present for at least 1 month but less than 6 months

Front 47

What proportion of ppl with Schizophreniform DO go on to receive a diagnosis of Sz?

Back 47

2/3

Front 48

Dxic criteria for Delusional DO

Back 48

Presence of 1 or more nonbizarre delusions that last at least 1 month

Front 49

Brief psychotic DO

Back 49

Sxs present for at least 1 day but less than 1 month.

Front 50

Dxic criteria for Schizoaffective DO

Back 50

Period of at least 2 weeks during which only psychotic sxs present.