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19 Cards in this Set

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  • Back

What are arterial blood gases?

Gases in arterial blood that, under analysis, can reveal diagnostic facts about a patient's condition.

What does the pH scale quantitatively measure?

H ions.

A normal pH would be:

7.35 - 7.45

A normal pCO2 range would be:

35 - 45 mmHg

A normal pO2 range would be:

80 - 100 mmHg

A normal HCO3 range would be:

22 - 26 mEq

In an ICU, how are ABGs done?

An arterial line

In an outpatient clinic, how would ABGs be done?

Femoral stab

What are some of the risks of ABGs?

Blood loss due to arterial pressure, infection

What is the Henderson Hasselbalch equation?

Determines plasma pH by examining the acid base relationship by looking at the HCO3 to H2CO3 relationship.


HCO3 is affected by metabolic functions (renal control) while H2CO3 is affected by alveolar ventilation.

List the three pH control systems

Buffer


Kidney


Lungs (respiration)

Describe buffers as a pH control

Prevents extreme changes in H ions in the blood


Fast acting (about 4-5 hrs)


ie. plasma protein, Hgb, phosphate

Describe kidneys as a pH control

Slower; starts at about 24 hrs but isn't maximally effective until 4-5 days


HCO3 is the primary base produced in the renal tubule (reabsorbed)

What values of HCO3 is considered metabolic acidosis? What causes it?

< 22 mEq/L


Throwing up too much, ketoacidosis, poisoning, gaining acid

What values of HCO3 is considered metabolic alkanosis? What causes it?

HCO3 > 26 mEq/L


Loss of acid or sodium base overload

Describe lungs as a pH control

Respiratory system is in control of H2CO3, the major acid in the body



What levels of PCO2 is considered respiratory alkalosis?

pCO2 <35 (CO2 is an acid, so too little of it = alkalosis)

What levels of PCO2 is considered respiratory acisodsis?

pCO2 >45 (CO2 is an acid, so too much of it = acidosis)

What are the three types of compensation?

Total: one system totally offsets the change in the other, so pH returns to normal


Partial: one system is working at offsetting the change in the other, but doesn't quite return the pH to normal


Absent: there is a dysfunction in one system without compensation from the other