Abdominal Viscera

Front 1

the GI tract aka alimentary tract contains what hollow organs lined with epithelia?

Back 1

1. esophagus
2. stomach
3. small intestine (duodenum, jejunum, ileum)
4. large intestine(cecum/ appendix/ ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum)

Front 2

the entire length of the esophagus is what kind of epithelia?

Back 2

stratified

Front 3

what is between the esophagus and stomach?

Back 3

the gastroesophageal sphincter

Front 4

what is between the stomach and duodenum of small intestine?

Back 4

the pylorus aka pyloric sphincter

Front 5

what is between the ileum of the small intestine and the cecum of the large intesting?

Back 5

the ileocecal sphincter

Front 6

what is the difference between the GI tract organs the the accessory digestive organs?

Back 6

-GI tract organs: hollow
-accessory digestive organs: NOT hollow

Front 7

what are the accessory digestive organs? what is the fxn of each?

Back 7

1. liver: stores glycogen, makes bile for export to duodenum to break up fat
2. gallbladder: stores bile
3. pancreas: excretes bicarbonate into duodenum (exocrine fxn-secretes bile into bile duct)

Front 8

what are 3 retroperitoneal organs that don't have a fxn in the GI system?

Back 8

1. kidneys
2. suprarenal glands
3. spleen

Front 9

lymph nodes are all along the GI tract...what is there function?

Back 9

fight infection

Front 10

what is the arterial supply to the GI tract?

Back 10

all from AbAo
1. celiac trunk (2nd branch off AbAo)
2. superior mesenteric artery
3. inferior mesenteric artery

Front 11

what are the arterial branches of the celiac trunk?

Back 11

1. inferior phrenic branches
2. hepatic artery
3. left gastric artery
4. splenic artery

Front 12

what is the primary venous drainage of the abdominal viscera?

Back 12

portal vein (in liver),
formed by the union of the superior mesenteric and splenic veins, is the main channel of the portal venous system, which collects bld from the abdominal part of the GI tract, pancreas, spleen, and most of the gallbladder and carries it the the liver.

Front 13

how is the hepatic portal V different from the portal vein?

Back 13

A's to intestinal caps(cells of the int use up O2) to hepatic portal vein (NUTRIENT RICH DEOXYGENATED BLD) to hepatic caps (sinusoidal and receive blood from hepatic A which brings O2 into liver) to hepatic vein (a true systemic vein bc no O2 in it) to the IVC

Front 14

everything that drains the GI passes through what?

Back 14

the liver!
-liver pulls CHOs out of bld and pack it away
-glucose is stored as glycogen in the liver
-liver gets 1st dibs on what's coming out of GI system

Front 15

the esophagus extends from where to where?

Back 15

from the pharynx to the stomach

Front 16

what are the 3 constrictions of the esophagus?

Back 16

1. cervical (upper esophageal sphincter)--smooth mm regulated
2. thoracic (broncho-aortic)
3. diaphragmatic (lower esophageal sphincter, LES)--ANS regulated= have no control

Front 17

what does a loss of LES tone cause?

Back 17

GERD

Front 18

what are 3 things that can cause a decrease in LES tone?

Back 18

1. caffeine/coffee/chocolate b/c has caffeine in it
2. ETOH
3. peppermints
**tell ppl with GERD to stay away fromt these 3 things

Front 19

what are the 2 muscular layers of the esophagus?

Back 19

1. inner circular
2. outer longitudinal

Front 20

the outer longitudinal muscual layer of the esophagus contains what kind of mm:
1. sup 1/3rd
2. middle 1/3rd
3. lower 1/3rd

Back 20

1. sup 1/3rd: skeletal
2. middle 1/3rd: mixed
3. lower 1/3rd: smooth

Front 21

where does the esophagus pass through the diaphragm?

Back 21

passes through elliptical esophageal hiatus in the right crus of diaphragm

Front 22

what connects the esoph to the dia?

Back 22

connected to diaphragm by phrenicoesophageal ligament

Front 23

what nn plexus encircles the esoph?

Back 23

encircled by esophageal nerve plexus

Front 24

where is the Z line? what change occurs here?

Back 24

at the esophagogastric junction
-the mucosa changes from esophageal mucosa which is above the z line(the does not produce acid) to gastric mucosa which is below the z line(that does produce acid)

Front 25

immediately superior to the Z line, the diaphragmatic musculature forming the esophageal hiatus fxns as a what?

Back 25

lower (inferior) esophageal sphincter that contracts and relaxes

Front 26

the arterial supply of the abdominal part of the esoph is from where?

Back 26

1. left gastric artery (a branch of the celiac trunk)
2. left inferior phrenic artery

Front 27

the venous drainage of the abdominal part of the esoph is from where?

Back 27

from the submucosal veins

Front 28

where do the submucosal veins draining the abdominal esoph empty into?

Back 28

1. into hepatic portal system via left gastric vein (empty here if above dia)
AND
2. into systemic venous system via esophageal veins (empty here if below dia)

Front 29

what does the hepatic portal system and systemic venous system drain into?

Back 29

azygos vein

Front 30

what is the esophagus innervated by?

Back 30

esophageal nerve plexus

Front 31

what is the esophageal nerve plexus formed by?

Back 31

1. parasympathetic vagal trunks (becoming anterior and post gastric branches)
2. thoracic sym trunks via greater and lesser splanchic nerves and periarterial plexi around left gastric and inf phrenic A's

Front 32

the stomach is the ___________ portion of the alimentary tract.

Back 32

expanded

Front 33

what is the fxn of the stomach?

Back 33

digestion of food via acid and enzymatic activity

Front 34

what is special about gastric ‘peristalsis’?

Back 34

mixing, more than true peristalsis

Front 35

is the stomach compliant?

Back 35

is relatively complaint
-can hold 2-3L of fluid

Front 36

what are the 4 parts of the stomach?

Back 36

1. cardiac
2. fundus
3. body
4. pyloric

Front 37

what is the cardiac part of the stomach near?

Back 37

near cardial orifice and esophageal sphincter

Front 38

what is the fundus of the stomach?

Back 38

dilated superior part related to L dome of diaphragm

Front 39

what is between the eoph and the fundus?

Back 39

the cardial notch

Front 40

what is the major portion of the stomach?

Back 40

the body

Front 41

what is the plyloric part of the stomach divided into?

Back 41

divided into pyl. antrum, the wide part, and pyl. canal, the narrow part

Front 42

what is the pylorus?

Back 42

the distal sphincteric region of the pyloric part of the stomach which regulates flow of chyme (digested food) into duodenum

Front 43

the stomach has 2 curvatures...what are they?

Back 43

1. lesser curvature
2. greater curvature

Front 44

what is the lesser curvature of the stomach?

Back 44

superior, short concave border

Front 45

what is the greater curvature of the stomach?

Back 45

inferior, large convex border

Front 46

what is teh junction of the body and pyloric part of the stomach called?

Back 46

angular incisure

Front 47

the interior of the stomach is arranged in large macroscopic folds called what? what is its fxn?

Back 47

rugae
-increase surface area

Front 48

the interior of the stomach is lined with what? covered with? fxn?

Back 48

lined with gastric mucosa, covered with mucus
(mucus prevents autodigestion of stomach b/c stomach is PRO and that is what E's of stomach digest but E's can't digest mucus!)

Front 49

what are the 3 layers of the muscularis externa (smooth mm) of the stomach?

Back 49

1. inner circular (squish)
2. middle longitudinal (push)
3. outer oblique (churns)

Front 50

where is the oblique smooth mm layer not located in the stomach?

Back 50

gastric canal
(where peristalsis of stomach occurs)

Front 51

what is the stomach covered by?

Back 51

covered by lesser omentum and greater omentum extends from greater curvature

Front 52

anteriorly, the stomach is related to what?

Back 52

diaphragm, lft lobe of liver, ant. abdominal wall

Front 53

posteriorly, the stomach is related to what?

Back 53

omental bursa and pancreas

Front 54

where is the bed of the stomach?

Back 54

where the stomach rests in the supine position

Front 55

from superior to inferior, the stomach bed is formed by what?

Back 55

left dome of the diaphragm, spleen, left kidney and suprarenal gland, splenic artery, pancreas, and transverse mesocolon (colon)

Front 56

the stomach has a rich arterial supply arising from what?

Back 56

the celiac trunk and its branches

Front 57

what are the 3 branches of the celiac trunk that supply the stomach?

Back 57

1. left gastric
2. splenic
3. common hepatic

Front 58

what are the branches of the splenic artery of the celiac trunk?

Back 58

1. posterior gastric (post gastric wall= fundus)
2. left gastro-omental
3. splenic branches

Front 59

what are the branches of the common hepatic of the celiac trunk?

Back 59

1. hepatic
2. gastroduodenal

Front 60

what are the branches of the hepatic of the common hepatic of the celiac trunk?

Back 60

1. right gastric (from R hepatic A)
2. cystic
3. L and R hepatic

Front 61

what are the branches of the gastroduodenal of the common hepatic of the celiac trunk?

Back 61

1. supraduodenal (pyloric sphincter)
2. sup. pancreaticoduodenal
3. right gastro-omental

Front 62

what do teh right and left gastric veins drain into?

Back 62

portal vein

Front 63

what do the short gastric and left gastro-omental veins drain into?

Back 63

splenic vein

Front 64

what does the splenic vein join? this forms what?

Back 64

joins the sup. mesenteric vein to form the portal vein

Front 65

what does the right gastro-omental vein empty into?

Back 65

sup. mesenteric vein

Front 66

the prepyloric vein extends over the pylorus to what?

Back 66

the right gastric vein
(surgeons use prepyloric V to identify pylorus)

Front 67

what does the right gastric vein empty into?

Back 67

portal vein

Front 68

where does lymph from the superior 2/3rds of the stomach drain?

Back 68

-into r and l gastric vessels to the gastric lymph nodes
-lymph from the fundus and superior part of body of stomach drains into pancreaticospleninc lymph nodes

Front 69

where does lymph from the right 2/3rds of the inferior 1/3 of the stomach drain?

Back 69

pyloric lymph nodes

Front 70

where does lymph from the left 1/3 of the inferior 1/3 (greater curvature) of the stomach drain?

Back 70

MAY drain into pancreaticoduodenal lymph nodes (?)

Front 71

the parasympathetic nn supply of the stomach is from what?

Back 71

anterior and posterior vagal trunks and their branches which enter the abdomen through the esophageal hiatus

Front 72

the anterior vagal trunk is derived from what? usually enters abdomen as a single branch that lies where?

Back 72

-from left vagus
-on ant. surface of esophagus

Front 73

-the anterior vagal trunk runs toward the lesser curvature of teh stomach where it gives off what branches?
-the rest of the ant vagal trunk continues along the lesser curvature giving rise to what?

Back 73

-hepatic and duodenal braches, which leave the stomach in the hepatoduodenal lig
-anterior gastric branches

Front 74

the larger posterior vagal trunk derived from what? enters the abdomen where?

Back 74

-from right vagus
-on post. surface of esophagus

Front 75

the post vagal trunk runs along lesser curvature of stomach and gives off what 2 branches?

Back 75

1. celiac branch which runs to the celiac plexus
2. continues along lesser curvature giving rise to posterior gastric branches

Front 76

the sympathetic nn supply of the stomach is from what segments of the SC? which pass through what? to what?

Back 76

-T6 to T9
-passes through greater splanchnic nerve to celiac plexus (to stomach)

Front 77

what are the 3 parts of the small intestine?

Back 77

1. duodenum
2. jejunum
3. ileum

Front 78

which part of the small intestine is the shortest, but widest, portion (25 cm long)?

Back 78

duodenum

Front 79

where does the duodenum begin? end?

Back 79

-begins at pylorus on the right side (aka pyloric sphincter and regulates chyme out of stomach when it is liquid enough via E's from pancreas)
-ends at duodenojejunal junction on the left side (not a sphincter b/c doesn't regulate flow of chyme out of duodenum to jejunum)

Front 80

is the duodenum retroperitoneal?

Back 80

partially retroperitoneal

Front 81

what are the four parts of the duodenum?

Back 81

1. superior (first) part
2. descending (second) part
3. horizontal (third) part
4. ascending (fourth) part

Front 82

how long is the superior (first) part of the duodenum?
-proximal 2cm called what?
-distal 3cm lie where?

Back 82

5cm
-proximal 2cm called the ampulla (widest portion adjacent to pyloric sphincter)
-distal 3cm are retroperitoneal

Front 83

how long is the descending (second) part of the duodenum? where does it lie?

Back 83

7-10 cm (retroperitoneal)

Front 84

what does the descending (second) part of duodenum curve around?

Back 84

curves around head of pancreas

Front 85

initially the descending (second) part of duodenum lies to the right of and parallel to what?

Back 85

the IVC

Front 86

on the posteromedial wall of teh descending (second) part of duodenum are openings for what?

Back 86

openings for bile and main pancreatic ducts (introduction of bile and pancreatic E's to desc duod)

Front 87

the bile and main pancreatic ducts of the descending (second) part of duodenum unite to form what?

Back 87

the hepatopancreatic ampulla

Front 88

the hepatopancreatic ampulla is composed of what 2 things? what are they regulated by?

Back 88

1. ampulla of Vater
2. sphincter of Oddi
-smooth mm. regulated by gastric hormones prodced in gastrointestinal system
(i.e. CCK)

Front 89

what is the ampulla of Vater?

Back 89

the junction of pancreatic and common bile ducts (enlarged at jxn)

Front 90

what is the fxn of the sphincter of Oddi?

Back 90

regulates flow out of ampulla of Vater into duodenum (regulated by tone of this sphincter)

Front 91

how long is the horizontal (third) part of the duodenum?

Back 91

6- 8 cm

Front 92

the horizontal (third) part of the duodenum is anterior to what? posterior to what?

Back 92

-anterior to IVC and Ao
-posterior to SMA and SMV

Front 93

the horizontal (third) part of the duodenum covered but not surrounded by what?

Back 93

covered, but not surrounded by, peritoneum

Front 94

how long is the ascending (fourth) part of the duodenum?

Back 94

5 cm

Front 95

the ascending (fourth) part of the duodenum runs superiorly and along the left side of what? to reach the inferior border of what?

Back 95

passes along left side of Ao to reach inferior aspect of body of pancreas

Front 96

the ascending (fourth) part of the duodenum joins the jejnum at the duodenojejunal jxn which is supported by what?

Back 96

ligament of Treitz (suspensory muscle)
--keeps ascending duod up
--not a true sphincter but still has some regulation of Q

Front 97

what happens to the duodenojejunal flexure when the ligament of Treitz (suspensory muscle)contracts?

Back 97

contraction widens the angle of the duodenojejunal flexure

Front 98

what is the pH of the chyme when the stomach empties into duod? does acidity change in duodenum and jejunum?

Back 98

~2.5-3
-duodenum and jejunum have a decreased number of cells producing the acidic environment
-acidic chyme goes into duodenum and pancreas releases bicarb so that duod is not torn up (autodigestion prevented by bicarb--> autorolaids)

Front 99

what are the 4 layers of the jejunum and ileum?

Back 99

1. Mucosa
2. Submucosa (w/glands)
3. Muscularis externa
4. Serosa

Front 100

4 layers of the jejunum and ileum: the simple columnar epithelia of the mucosa layer is arranged in large macroscopic folds called what? what is this analagous to?

Back 100

-plicae circulares villi which are small microscopic projections that project into the lumen
-analagous to ruggae of stomach with gastric pits

Front 101

4 layers of the jejunum and ileum: what is the lamina propria of the mucosa layer?

Back 101

CT with associated glands and BVs that lie under the vili

Front 102

4 layers of the jejunum and ileum: what is the muscularis mucosa of the mucosa layer?

Back 102

thin layer of smooth mm that parallels the base of villi
-it contracts and relaxes and pulls on bases of villi
-rhythmic contractions of this layer keeps villi in constant motion
-this muscularis layer is NOT what is used for peristalsis (only keeps villi moving)

Front 103

4 layers of the jejunum and ileum: what are the peyer's patches of the submucosa layer?

Back 103

large aggregations of lymph nodules lining the jejunum and ileum to fight infection
-an imp immune response b/c in contact with external env

Front 104

4 layers of the jejunum and ileum: what is the job of the submucosal plexus (aka meysners plexus) of the submucosa layer?

Back 104

-nn's that go from here activate glands= increases glandular secretion=anatomy matches physiological fxn
(can think of as PS ganglia which are in or near taget organ)

Front 105

4 layers of the jejunum and ileum: what are the 2 mm layers of the muscularis externa?

Back 105

1. inner circular (if only had this layer food would be pushed orally and aborally)
2. outer longitudinal
-mm's run parallel with each other to regulate peristalsis

Front 106

4 layers of the jejunum and ileum: what plexi is part of muscularis externa?

Back 106

myenteric plexus aka auerbach plexus (intrinsic or inside wall PS ganglia)

Front 107

4 layers of the jejunum and ileum: what is the fxn of the myenteric plexus?

Back 107

coordinates circular and longitudinal mm's to push food down GI tract (milk food)

Front 108

4 layers of the jejunum and ileum: what does the serosa layer do?

Back 108

keeps everything in place (messenteries are a serosal connection)

Front 109

arteries of the duodenum arise from what?

Back 109

from the celiac trunk and superior mesenteric artery

Front 110

from the celiac trunk, what supplies the duodenum proximal to the entry of bile duct into desc part of duod?

Back 110

gastroduodenal art and its branch, the sup. pancreaticoduodenal art.

Front 111

what A supplies the duod distal to the entry fo teh bile duct?

Back 111

the SMA through its branch, the inf. pancreaticoduodenal art.

Front 112

orad (towards mouth) to the bile duct(stomach and above), the alimentary tract is supplied by what A?

Back 112

the celiac trunk

Front 113

aborad to the bile duct, to the left colic flexure(where trans colon meets desc colon), the alimentary tract is supplied by what A?

Back 113

the SMA

Front 114

orad and aborad transiton of bld supply indicates what?

Back 114

indicates the embryological division of the fore- and mid-gut
-GI formed:
---tube from mouth grows down (aborad to LCF supplied by SMA)
---tube from anus grows up (after LCF supplied by IMA)

Front 115

the veins of the duodenum follow the A's and drain into what?

Back 115

portal vein or SMV and splenic veins

Front 116

what are the 2 lymphatic vessels of the duodenum?

Back 116

1. anterior lymph vessels
2. posterior lymph vessels

Front 117

where do anterior lymph vessels of duod drain?

Back 117

into pancreaticoduodenal and pyloric lymph nodes

Front 118

where do posterior lymph vessels of duod drain?

Back 118

into sup. mesenteric lymph nodes

Front 119

what are the preG nn's of the duodenum?

Back 119

1. vagus--PS
2. abdominosplanchnic nerves (greater and lesser)--symp preG fibers b/c go to prevertebral ganglia (celiac, inf mesenteric gang, sup mesenteric gang) which reside at branch of SMA, IMA, and celiac trunk

Front 120

what are the postG symp nn's of duodenum?

Back 120

the celiac and superior mesenteric plexi

Front 121

how long are the jejunum and ileum?

Back 121

6-7 m long

Front 122

the jejunum consists of how much of the intraperitoneal section of the small intestine?

Back 122

-jejunum (2/ 5th) of peritoneal sm. intestine
-upper left quadrant of the infracolic comp.

Front 123

the ileum consists of how much of the intraperitoneal section of the small intestine?

Back 123

-ileum (3/ 5th) of peritoneal sm. intestine
-lower right quadrant of the infracolic comp

Front 124

what lies btwn the mesentery that attaches the jejunum and ileum to the post abdominal wall?

Back 124

1. superior mesenteric artery (and branches)
2. lymph nodes
3. autonomic nerves (SMA plexus)

Front 125

the SMA is a branch of what?

Back 125

third branch of the Ab Ao (@L1)

Front 126

the SMA that supplies the jejunum and ileum has numerous (15-18) branches that fan out and unite to form loops or arches called what? which give rise to straight arteries called what?

Back 126

-arcades
-vasa recta (caps in kidneys that absorb food into bld system of lymphatics)

Front 127

the SMV that drains the jejunum and ileum unites with what? to form what?

Back 127

unites with the splenic vein to form the portal vein (empties to liver)

Front 128

specialized lymphatic vessels in the intestinal villi absorb fat and are called what?

Back 128

lacteals

Front 129

-the lacteals empty into
-what? plexi drain into what?

Back 129

-empty into lymphatic plexi in the wall of the sm . int.
-plexi drain into the lymphatic vessels of the mesentery

Front 130

within the mesentery, the lymph passes sequentially through 3 groups of lymph nodes...what are they?

Back 130

1. juxta-intestinal: close to intestinal wall
2. mesenteric: in arterial arcade
3. superior central: near SMA

Front 131

what is the nn plexus that innervates the small intestine and follows the SMA?

Back 131

perivascular nerve plexus

Front 132

the preG sympathetic fibers in the nn's to the jejunum and ileum originate in what?

Back 132

originate in T8- T10 segments of SC

Front 133

what do the preG sympathetic nn's travel through? where do they synapse?

Back 133

1. sym. trunks
2. thoracic abdominopelvic splanchnic nerves
-synapse on cell bodies of postG symp neurons in the celiac and sup. mesenteric (prevertebral) ganglia

Front 134

the postG symp fibers innervate what? fxn?

Back 134

-innervate the smooth muscle and glands
-fxn: ↓ motility; ↓ gland secretion; ↓ blood flow (vasoconstriction
**fight or flight: inc bld flow to mm, dec bld flow to gut

Front 135

the PS preG fibers in nn's to jejunum and ileum derive from what? synapse at? fxn?

Back 135

-posterior vagal trunks
-synapse at myenteric and submucosal plexi (mysners and auerbach plexi)
-fxn: ↑ motility (myenteric plexus); ↑ gland secretion (submucosal plexus); ↑ blood flow (vasodilation)
**PS activated after you eat, during fed state

Front 136

the large intestine consists of what?

Back 136

1. Cecum/ Appendix
2. Ascending colon
3. Transverse colon
4. Descending colon
5. Sigmoid colon (S shaped)
6. Rectum
7. Anal canal

Front 137

what is between the ascending colon and transverse colon of the lg int?

Back 137

right colic flexure

Front 138

what is between the transverse colon and descending colon of the lg int?

Back 138

left colic flexure

Front 139

where in the large int do the epithelia transition away from columnar epithelia to statified squamous epithelia?

Back 139

at the rectum and anal canal
(GI: strat squam to columnar to strat squam)

Front 140

what 3 things does the lg int contain that distinguishes it from the sm int?

Back 140

1. omental appendices: small fatty omental projections
2. teniae coli (3): thickened bands of smooth mm
3. haustra: sacs of the wall btwn the teniae (remnants of chyme found here)

Front 141

what are the 3 teniae coli and what are they attached to?

Back 141

1. mesocolic- attached to transverse and sigmoid mesocolons
2. omental- attach to omental appendices
3. free- free (no attachment)

Front 142

what is the 1st part of the lg intestine?

Back 142

cecum which is a blind sac

Front 143

where is the cecum located?

Back 143

-lower right quadrant, in iliac fossa

Front 144

what jxn/sphincter is the cecum inf to? what is its role?

Back 144

-inf to ileocecal junction/ sphincter (regulates passage of chyme out of small int into lg int)

Front 145

what is the cecum connected to? by?

Back 145

connected to the lat ab wall by cecal folds

Front 146

the iliocecal junction/ sphincter/ valve is where the ileum enters the cecum at ________ angle. forms what? similar to?

Back 146

at oblique angle (forms closure of psuedosphincter similar to ureters entering urinary bladder)

Front 147

the iliocecal junction/ sphincter/ valve forms sup and inf what? where?

Back 147

-ileocolic lips at ileal orifice

Front 148

how is the iliocecal junction/ sphincter/ valve usually closed? unlikely to have what?

Back 148

by tonic contraction, but unlikely to have any regulated sphincter activity

Front 149

what does the iliocecal junction/ sphincter/ valve form?

Back 149

forms the ileal papilla

Front 150

the appendix is a blind intestinal ________.

Back 150

diverticulum

Front 151

where is the appendix in relation to the cecum?

Back 151

posteriomedial aspect of the cecum

Front 152

what is the appendix attached by?

Back 152

attached by mesoappendix

Front 153

what 2 A's supply the cecum and appendix and what are they derived from?

Back 153

1. ileocolic art: terminal branch of the SMA
2. appendicular art: branch of the ileocolic art.

Front 154

what vein drains the cecum and appendix?

Back 154

ileocolic vein drains both

Front 155

the cecum and appendix are innervated by what plexus?

Back 155

superior myenteric plexus

Front 156

what do the sym and parasym fibers arise from that supply cecum and appendix?

Back 156

sym: lower T vertebrae
para: vagus
(afferent fibers from appendix w/ sym nerves to T10)

Front 157

Ascending Colon arterial supply is from 3 branches of the SMA... what are they? where do they anastomose?

Back 157

-ileocolic, right colic, and middle colic arteries
-anastomose at the marginal artery

Front 158

Ascending Colon venous drainage by 3 veins....what are they? what do they all drain into?

Back 158

-ileocolic, right colic, and middle colic veins
-into SMV

Front 159

Ascending Colon lympahtic drainage into 5 lymph nodes...what are they?

Back 159

-epicolic and paracolic lymph nodes
-ileocolic and right colic lymph nodes
-sup mesenteric lymph nodes

Front 160

Ascending Colon innervation by what plexus?

Back 160

superior mesenteric nerve plexus

Front 161

Transverse Colon arterial supply is from branches of the SMA...what are the branches called? also supplied by what?

Back 161

-middle colic arteries
(branches of the SMA)
-r and l colic art-->marginal artery

Front 162

Transverse Colon venous drainage by what vein? which drains into?

Back 162

-middle colonic vein
-into SMV

Front 163

Transverse Colon lympahtic drainage into what 3 nodes?

Back 163

-epicolic and paracolic lymph nodes
-middle colic lymph nodes
-sup mesenteric lymph nodes

Front 164

Transverse Colon innervation by what plexus?

Back 164

superior mesenteric nerve plexus

Front 165

Descending and Sigmoid Colon arterial supply 2 branches of the IMA...what are they? division point btwn?

Back 165

-left colic and sigmoid arteries
-division point btwn embryonic mid and hindgut

Front 166

Descending and Sigmoid Colon venous drainage by what 3 veins? which drain into?

Back 166

-left colonic, sigmoid, and recto-sigmoid vein
-into IMV to splenic vein to portal vein

Front 167

Descending and Sigmoid Colon lympahtic drainage into what 3 nodes?

Back 167

-paracolic lymph nodes
-left colic lymph nodes
-inf mesenteric lymph nodes

Front 168

Descending and Sigmoid Colon innervation by nn's from what plexus?

Back 168

nerves ascend from the inf hypogastric plexus