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133 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
the renal parenchyma is seperated into the cortex and the medulla by the:
Arcuate Vessels
a 2 y/o boy presents w/ hematuria and a palpable lt flank mass.an u/ exam is performed, and a solid renal mass is identified. this finding is most charecteristic of:
Wilm's Tumor
pt presents w/ ampulla of vator obstruction, distension of the GB and painless jaundice. this is assoc. with?
courvoisier's sign
long standing cystic duct obstruction will give rise to
hydopic GB
while performing an us examination, the sonographer finds that both kidneys measure 5 cm in length, they are very echgenic. one should consider the possibility of all the following except: chronic glomerulonephritis, chronic pyelonephritis, renal vascular disease, renal vein thrombosis.
renal vein thrombosis
staghorn calculis refers to a large stone with in the
renal pelvis of the kidney
identify the gastrointestinal peptide hormone, which stimulates GB contraction:
cholecystokinin
the portion o the liver that is not covered by the peritoneum is termed
bare area
the normal thickness of the GB wall:
3mm
the pancreatic head lies:
caudad to the portal vein and anterior to the ivc
identify the sonographic pattern that best describes hydronephrosis:
fluid-filled pelvocaliceal collecting system
a pt. presents w/ a dilated interhepatic duct, dilated GB, and dilated CBD. Identify the level of obstruction this is most charecteristic of.
distal CBD
the most common location of pancreatic pseudocyst
lesser sac
the extra hepatic portion of the falciform ligament
is visualized when massive ascities is present
the sma arises 1 cm below the celiac trunk and courses
anterior and parallel to the aorta
the division by using Couinad's sections into right and left lobes of the liver is:
main lobar fissure
the portion of the pancreas that lies posterior to the sma and vein is the
uncinate process
the vessel that courses along the posterior surface of the body and tail of the pancreas is the
splenic vein
sonographically, the gastroesphogeal junction can be visualized
anterior to AO and posterior to LLL
Adenomyomatosis of the GB is:
prolifertation of the mucosal layer which extends into the muscle layer
a common cause of acute pylonephritis
pygenic bacteria
a renal sonogram is performed and an echgenic well-defined mass is identified in the renal cortex. this is charecteristic of:
angiomyolipoma
the gastroduodenal artery is a branch of the
common hepatic artery
the largest zone of the prostate is the
peripheral zone
identify the vessel that is seen anterior to the AO and posterior to the SMA:
left renal vein
the liver is covered by a thick membrane of collagenous fibers intermixed with elastic elements. this membrane is called:
Glisson's capsule
anterior displacement of the splenic vein can be caused by
left adrenal hyperplasia
the vessel that originates from the CA and is very tortuous is the
splenic artery
when accessory spleens are present, they are usually located
near the splenic hilum
a fold at the fundal portion of the GB is usually called
phrygian cap
the IVC forms at the confluence of the
right and left common illiac veins
diffuse thickening of the gb wall can be seen sonographically in all of the following except: acute cholecystitis, hepatitis, CHF, ascities, portal hypertension.
portal hypertension
a gb sonographic examination is performed, and a small GB w/ intrahepatic dilatation is seen, this may indicate that the level of obstruction is at the level of the
common hepatic duct
the maximum inner diameter of the main pancreatic duct is young adults is
2mm
the endocrin function of the pancreas produces
insulin
identify the laboratory test used to access renal function
serum creatinine
adult polycystic disease may be charecterized by all of the following except:
bilateral small and echgenic kidneys
the best sonographic window to image the left hemi-diaphragm is the
spleen
a pt in the late stages of sickle cell anemia will have a spleen that is
small and echogenic
bilateral hydronephrosis frequently occurs in pt's with
prostate enlargement
ina pt w/ accute hepatitis, the liver parenchyma sonographically appears as
normal
a hypertrophied column of bertin is a
normal variant
a ureterovesicle juntion is
junction between the distal ureter and the base of the bladder
the landmark for the posterolateral border of the thyroid is
CCA
clinical signs of renal disease include all of the following except
jaundice
acute hydoceles may be caused by all of the following except
testicular torsion
the most common location for a spermatocele is
the head of the epididymis
a 60 y/o male presents w/ hematuria and nocturnal urination. the u/s findings include an enlarged symmetrical homogeneous prostate. This is most charecteristic of
BPH
the most common malignancy of the adrenal gland in children is
adrenal neuroblastoma
if a mass in the area of the pancreatic head is found, what other structure should be examined sonographically?
the liver
the most common primary carcinoma of the pancreas
adenocarcinoma
the ligament of venousum separates which two lobes of the liver?
caudate lobe and LLL
the most common benign neoplasm of the liver is
hemangioma
pt's w/ rt sided heart failure and elevated systematic venous pressure may develope
dilatation of the intrahepatic veins
the right and left lobe of the liver are separated by the
main lobar fissure
which of the following is not a retropertineal structure
spleen
identify the statement that is true about the portal vein
it is formed by the union of the splenic vein and smv
the cbd is joined by the pancreatic duct as they enter the
2nd portion of the duodenum
a pt presents w/ empyema of the GB a songrapher should expect to find
pus w/n the GB
identify the lab value which is specific for a hepatoma of the liver
alpha-fetoprotein
if the prostate is found to be enlarged, one should also check the
kidneys for hydro
the body of the panc is bound on it's anterior surface by the
atrium of stomach
on a transverse scan the portal vein is seen as a circular anechoic structure
anterior to the ivc
hyperthyroidism associated w/ a diffuse goiter is assoc. w/
Grave's disease
identify the part of the pan that lies anterior to the ivc and posterior to the smv
uncinate process
in a disecting aneurysm, the dissection is through
the intima
the adrenal gland can be divided into
cortex and medulla
a patent umbilical vein may be found in the
ligamentum teres
all of the following are charecteristics for dialated intrahepatic bile ducts except
decreasing size as they course through the porta hepatis
a retroperitoneal abcess may be found w/n in all of the following except
the rectus abdominus muscle
dliation of the intrahepatic biliary ducts, w/o dilation of the extrahepatic ducts may be caused by all the following except
pancreatic CA
a 42 y/o female presents postcholycystectomy w/ RUQ pain, elevated serum bilirubin (mainly conjugated) and bilirubin in her urine. this is best charecteristic of
stone, tumor, or stricture causing obstruction of the bile duct
a cause of a small GB is
chronic cholecystitis
identify the vessel that is located superior to the panc
celiac axis
a retropertineal tumor will cause __________ displacement of organs.
anterior
anterior displacement of the abdominal AO may be caused by
enlarged lymphnodes
sonographically, enlarged lymphnodes most commonly appear as
hypoechoic masses w/ no increased through transmission
portal fugal blood flow is best described as
reversed blood flow
anatomic land marks for sonographically locateing the left adrenal gland are
AO, spleen, LT kidney
nonshadowing, nonmobile, echgenic foci imaged w/n the GB lumen are most likely
polyps
hydrops of the GB is
an enlarged GB
jaundice in a ped. pt is most likely caused by
biliary atresia
the majority of primary retroperitoneal tumors are malignant. identify an example of a primary retropertoneal tumor
leiomyosarcoma
compare the echgenicities of the following stuctures and place them in increasing echgenic order
renal parenchyma<liver<spleen<panc<renal sinus
in comparison to a normal adult, the pancreas in children will be relatively
larger and less echogenic
the kidneys, the perinephric fat, and the adrenal glands are all covered by
Gerota's fascia
the largest major visceral branch of the IVC is the
hepatic vein
the spleen is varible in size but is considered to be
convex superiorly and concave inferiorly
a malignant soid renal mass can be all of the following except
oncocytoma
the most common neoplasm of the prostate
adenocarcinoma
identify the statement that correctly describes the anatomic location of structures adjacent to the spleen.
the left kidney lies inferior and medial to the spleen.
the sonographic findings that are associated with hematoceles.
blood filled sac that surrounds the sac secondary to trauma or surgery.
when scanning a 22 y/o pt. to r/o cholelithiasis, a single echgenic lession is seen in the liver. this is most charecteristic of
a cavernous hemangioma
normal measurements of the thyroid gland are
1-2cm AP. 4-6cm length
ascities can be caused by all of the following except:
adenmyomatosis
the best way delineating adissecting aneurysm on sonography is to
show an intimal flap pulsating with the flow of blood
obstructive jaundice may be diagnosed sonographically by demonstrating
a mass of the head of the pancreas with a dialated cbd
in pt's w/ uncomplicated accute epididymitis
the epididymis is uniformily enlarged and more anechoic than usual
a subhepatic abcess would be located
inferior to the liver, anterior to the right kidney
which of the following is not a remant of the fteal circulation
coronary ligament
a major branch of the common hepatic artery is the
gastroduodenal artery
a 44 y/o pt presents w/ painless jaundice and a palpable ruq mass. this is most charecteristic of
courvoisier gb
a common anatomical variant is a bulge of the lateral border of the lt kidney. this is called a
dromedary hump
one can image all of the following in a case of end-stage liver disease except
biliary dilatation
the head of the panc is located anterior to the
IVC
the lesser sac is located between
stomach and pancreas
the renal pyramids are found in the
medulla
on a longitudinal scan of the scrotum, the most superior portion is the
head of the epididymis
chronic renal disease is assoc. with
small echgenic kidneys
a 50 y/o female w/ a hx of alcoholism presents w/ increased abdominal girth. a sonogram of the abdomen is performed and the most probable finding is
massive ascites w/ a small echogenic liver
chronic active hepatitis is a progressive destructive liver disese that eventually leads to
cirrhosis
the seminal vesicals
are the reservoir for sperm and are located posterior to the urinary bladder
a 35 y/o woman presents with a tender neck, and on physicalexam, an enlarged thyroid is found. an enlarged inhomogeneous thyroid is visualized w/ irregular borders. this is most charecteristic of
hashimoto's thyroiditis
calcification of the GB wall is is called
porcelain GB
a 60 y/o man presents w/ an abdominal pulsiti;e mass and HBP. this is most charecteristic of
an anuerism
identify the vessek that may be imaged posterior to the IVC
right renal artery
the retroperitoneal space is defined as the area btw
posterior portion of the parital peritonem and the posterior abd wall muscles
an abd sono is performed and there is a suggestion of a mass in the head of the panc. identify the other structures that should be eval'd.
the biliary system and Gb to eval biliary obstruction
on a sonographic examination, a seminoma of the testicle may appear as a
solid, homogeneous mass
on a songraphic examination, thyroiditis will appear as
diffuse enlarged thyroid w/ decreased echgenicity
a pheochromocytoma is a benign hormone producing tumor
adrenal gland
identify lab values which are most consistant for a pt. w/ acute pancreatitis
amylase and lipase rise at the same rate, but lipase remains higher for a longer period of time
when hypertrophic pyloric stenosis is imaged in the short axis, the muscle wall measures at least.
4mm
a malignant tumor of the adrenal gland found in children is called
nueroblastoma
lymph nodes may be confused sonographically with all the followinf except.
chronic pancreatitis
an abdominal sonogram is performed on a 35 y/o man w/ a hx of primary ca of the liver now presents w/ abd pain and increasing abd girth. this is most consistant w/
budd-chiari syndrome
during an abdominal sono, recannalization of the umbilical vein is identified. this may be associated w/
portal hypertension
a pelvic kidney has
a normal apperance in an abnormal location
the ureteropelvic junction is located between the
renal pelvis and the proximal portion of the ureter
one method to diagnos renal obstruction is to document the resistive index greater than
0.70
identify the syndrome that is associated w/ an adrenal mass
cushing's syndrome
islet cell tumors of the pancreas are most likely to be located in the pancreatic
body and tail
the celiac axis branches consist of
common hepatic, left gastric, and splenic arteries