• Shuffle
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Alphabetize
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Front First
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Both Sides
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Read
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
Reading...
Front

Card Range To Study

through

image

Play button

image

Play button

image

Progress

1/122

Click to flip

Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;

Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;

H to show hint;

A reads text to speech;

122 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
During calls for patients with suspected abdominal or GI emergencies, it is likely you will come into contact with ____________,_________,_________ and ___________.
blood
vomitus
urine and
feces
Your general impression of the patient with a suspected abdominal or GI emergency is formed by observing what?
patient’s posture, his or her environment, any foul odors present, and the patient’s level of consciousness.
Airway patency and adequate circulation must be maintained, and the extent of any bleeding must be assessed by obtaining what?
the patient’s orthostatic vital signs
True or False?
Transport decisions are made by weighing the patient’s stability against the risk of injury to the patient and the paramedic by electing to use rapid transport with lights and sirens
true
What is Secondary assessment?
Secondary assessment is accomplished with a comprehensive physical examination in which you pay special attention to the appearance of the shape, size, color, and other characteristics of the abdomen, auscultate bowel sounds, and perform percussion and palpation to assess for dullness, rigidity, guarding, pain or discomfort, rebound tenderness, fluid accumulation, and masses.
When taking a patient’s orthostatic vital signs, a 10-beat increase in the pulse rate or a 10-mm Hg drop in blood pressure indicates what?
a significant volume loss caused by uncontrolled bleeding.
Reassessment includes monitoring for changes in _________ _________,
__________ ________,
__________ __________,
_________ __________,
________ _________
or signs of
____________________
pulse rate,
ECG readings
blood pressure
respiratory rate
oxygen saturation, or
signs of shock.
_____________________, _______________ changes in a patient’s condition warrant performing comprehensive and detailed new assessments and examinations.
Sudden

worrisome
What does airway management include?
delivery of high-concentration oxygen, prevention of aspiration, and auscultation of lung sounds, as dictated by the patient’s condition.
Circulation may be compromised in a patient with a GI emergency by what ?
dehydration or hemorrhage
what are the four major conditions are responsible for abdominal and GI emergencies?
– Hypovolemia caused by dehydration or
hemorrhage
– Acute or chronic inflammation
– Infection
– Obstruction
why do pediatric patients face special challenges during abdominal and GI emergences?
Because of their size and physiology, particularly when a congenital anomaly is present.
__________________________, multiple medications, and other factors can complicate the care of older adults with abdominal or GI emergencies.
Comorbidities
What is acalculus cholecystitis?
Inflammation of the gallbladder without the presence of gallstones.
what is acholic stools ?
Light, clay-colored stools indicative of liver failure.
A condition of sudden onset of pain within the abdomen, usually indicating peritonitis.
acute abdomen
acute gastroenteritis is what?
A family of conditions that revolve around a central theme of infection with fever, abdominal pain, diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting.
Linear tears to the mucosal lining in and near the anus, possibly caused by the passage of large, hard stools; a cause of lower GI bleeding.
anal fissures
what is appendicitis?
inflammation of the appendix
true or false?

Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity; typically signals liver failure is called ASCITES?
true
What is borborygmi ?
A bowel sound characterized by increased activity within the bowel; also called hyperperistalsis.
what is inflammation of the bile duct?
choleangitis
what is inflammation of the gallbladder called?
cholecystitis
the present of stone within the gallbladder is called?
cholelithiasis
True or False?

Cirrhosis is the later stage of liver failure?
False

Early failure
The term to the "slurry" of food that has been partially digested then exits the stomach and enters the duodenum is called what?
Chyme
What is Crohn disease?
Inflammation of the ileum and possibly other portions of the GI tract, in which the immune sys- tem attacks portions of the intestinal walls, causing them to become scarred, narrowed, stiff, and weakened.
Dehydration is a state in which the body lacks what?
adequate fluids because of inadequate water intake or excess fluid loss.
Liquid stools is called?
Diarrhea
Digestion is mechanical and chemical breakdown of the _______________ molecules in food into ____________ molecules that can be absorbed in the GI tract and converted to energy for cellular function.
LARGE

SMALL
Diverticulitis is inflammation of pouches in what?
the colon
When diverticulitis is present, these pouches form a result of difficulty moving what through the colon?
Fecus
Diverticulum is what?
A weak area in the colon that begins to have small outcroppings that turn into pouches; plural is diverticula.
Endoscopy is the Insertion of a flexible fiberoptic tube into the _______________________to visualize, remove, or repair damaged or diseased tissue.
esophagus
DEFINE: Esophagogastric varices
Dilated blood vessels of the esophagus, commonly caused by difficulty in blood flow through the liver; the presence of these can lead to vessel rupture.
What is feculent?
smelling the feces
Define: Fistula
An abnormal connection between two cavities
what is inflammation of the stomach?
Gastritis
Gastro esophageal reflux disease (GERD)

What is this?
A condition in which the sphincter between the esophagus and the stomach opens, allowing stomach acid to move superiorly; can cause a burning sensation within the chest (heartburn); also called acid reflux disease.
What is gastroschisis?
A congenital malformation in which an embryo develops improperly and a portion of the GI tract develops outside of the abdominal wall instead of inside.
Vomit with blood; can either look like coffee grounds, indicating the presence of partially digested blood, or contain bright-red blood, indicating active bleeding. WHAT IS THIS CALLED?
hematemesis
Hematochezia is the passage of stool in which bright red blood can be distinguished. This is caused by what?
lower GI bleeding
Hepatic encephalophy is impairment of brain function resulting from ___________ _______ ________ ______.
Failure of the liver
Hepatitis
Inflammation of the ________________, usually caused by what?
Liver

caused by a virus
Hernia is the protrusion of a loop of an _________ or ___________ through an abnormal body opening.
Organ or tissue
Hyperperistalis: A bowel sound characterized by increase activity within the bowel. also called what?
Borborygmi
Hyperperistalis means what?
Decreased bowel sounds
Icteric is yellowish coloration of the conjunctive caused by what?
the building of bilirubin in the blood during liver failure.
Incarcerated is a type of hernia which an organ is trapped in the new location ; most commonly obstructs what?
The bowel
A type of hernia in which intestinal contents herniate through an incision, for example after abdominal surgery is called what?
incisional
An event where one part of the intestine folds into another part of the intestines leading to a blockage.
intussusception
what does IBS stand for?
irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) A
what is IBS?
A condition in which patients have abdominal pain and changes in their bowel habits
How does the pain generally be present for to be considered this disease?
at least 3 days a month for at least 3 months to be considered this disease.
Mallory-Weiss syndrome is what?
A condition in which the junction between the esophagus and the stomach tears, causing severe bleeding and, potentially, death.
true or false?

malrotation is a incorrect rotation of the intestines.
TRUE
what is Melena?
Dark, tarry, malodorous stools caused by upper GI bleeding.
mesenteric ischemia is an interruption of the blood supply to the.....?
mesentery
Murphy sign is pressure applied to the __________ upper quadrant of the abdomen to help detect ________________________problems.
right

gallbladder
orthostatic vital signs: Assessing vital signs in two
different patient positions (for example, from a lying to a sitting position) to determine the degree of ________________________ ; also called a tilt test.
hypovolemia
inflammation of the pancreas is called what?
pancreatitis
parietal pain is pain caused by what?
inflammation of the parietal peritoneum that is generally described as steady, aching, and aggravated by movement.
What does PUD stand for?
peptic ulcer disease (PUD)
what is PUD?
A disease in which the mucous lining of the stomach and duodenum have been eroded, allowing the acid to eat into these organs.
Rhythmic contraction of the inte3sting and esophagus that allows material to move through them is called what?
peristalsis
peritonitis is what?
Inflammation of the peritoneum
Inflammation of the peritoneum, the protective membrane that lines the _____________ and _________________ cavities.
abdominal

pelvic
portal hypertension is Increased pressure in the portal veins; caused by the inability of blood to normally flow through the ________ ; can lead to rupture of these vessels.
liver
portal vein is what?
A large vessel created by the intersection of blood vessels from the GI system. The portal vein drains into the liver.
Protuberant is a term used to described what?
An abdomen with a convex, or distended, shape; can be caused by edema.
Pruritis is another word for what?
Itching
Pyloric stenosis is what?
Hypertrophy (enlargement) of the pyloric sphincter of the stomach; ultimately leads to intestinal obstruction, often in infants.
true or false?
rebound tenderness is pain that the patient feels when pressure is not released as opposed to when pressure is applied; characteristic of appendicitis.
False

When pressure IS released
rectal abscess is an _________________________ involving a collection of pus in the rectal walls that results from blockage of the rectal mucus ducts.
infection
what is referred pain ?
Pain that feels as if it is originating from a body part other than the site being stimulated.
scaphoid is the __________ _______that is found just beyond that most distal portion of the radius; also, concave shape of the abdomen; can be caused by _________________________.
wrist bone

evisceration
TRUE OR FALSE?

soft stool is a bowel movement that is the consistency of soft- serve ice cream; can range in color from tan to dark brown.
true
somatic pain is localized pain, usually felt deeply, which represents irritation or injury to tissue, causing what?
activation of peripheral nerve tracts.
foamy, fatty stools associated with liver failure or gallbladder problems is called what?
steatorrhea
strangulated is the complete obstruction of __________ ____________________in a given organ as a result of compression or entrapment; an emergency situation causing death of tissue.
blood circulation
striae is what?
Vertical stretch marks that occur when a person loses or gains weight rapidly.
A loud, high-pitched sound, similar to the sound of a drum, heard on percussion of a hollow space (eg, the empty stomach or a puffed-out cheek). is called what?
tympanic
ulcerative colitis is generalized inflammation of the _________that results in a _________________, dilated rectum, making it prone to infection and bleeding.
colon

weakened
what is umbilical ?
The region of the abdomen surrounding the umbilicus.
urticaria is multiple small, raised areas on the skin that may be one of the warning signs of impending anaphylaxis; also known as what?
hives.
visceral pain is ____________, __________ pain deep within the body, the source of which is usually difficult to pinpoint; common with _________________________ problems.
Crampy

aching

genitourinary
what is volvulus?
Twisting of the bowel until a kink occurs; resulting in blocked flow.
match the meaning to the word:

Smelling of feces.

a striae
b portal vein
c hematochezia
d peptic ulcer disease
e murphy sign
f feculent
g diarrhea
h ascites
i endoscopy
j melena
m. epigastric
n. steatorrhea
o. peristalsis
F
match the meaning to the word:

liquid stool:

a striae
b portal vein
c hematochezia
d peptic ulcer disease
e murphy sign
f feculent
g diarrhea
h ascites
i endoscopy
j melena
m. epigastric
n. steatorrhea
o. peristalsis
G
match the meaning to the word:

Dark, tarry, very malodorous tools caused by upper GI bleeding:

a striae
b portal vein
c hematochezia
d peptic ulcer disease
e murphy sign
f feculent
g diarrhea
h ascites
i endoscopy
j melena
m. epigastric
n. steatorrhea
o. peristalsis
J
match the meaning to the word:

an itching rash;

a striae
b portal vein
c hematochezia
d peptic ulcer disease
e murphy sign
f feculent
g diarrhea
h ascites
i endoscopy
j melena
m. epigastric
n. steatorrhea
o. peristalsis
K
match the meaning to the word:

blood in the stool that is separate; caused by lower GI bleeds:

a striae
b portal vein
c hematochezia
d peptic ulcer disease
e murphy sign
f feculent
g diarrhea
h ascites
i endoscopy
j melena
m. epigastric
n. steatorrhea
o. peristalsis
C
match the meaning to the word:

A bowel sound characterized by increased activity in the bowel:

a striae
b portal vein
c hematochezia
d peptic ulcer disease
e murphy sign
f feculent
g diarrhea
h ascites
i endoscopy
j melena
m. epigastric
n. steatorrhea
o. peristalsis
L
match the meaning to the word:

abdominal edema typically signaling liver failure:

a striae
b portal vein
c hematochezia
d peptic ulcer disease
e murphy sign
f feculent
g diarrhea
h ascites
i endoscopy
j melena
m. epigastric
n. steatorrhea
o. peristalsis
H
match the meaning to the word:

Foamy, fatty stools associated with liver failure or gallbladder problems:

a striae
b portal vein
c hematochezia
d peptic ulcer disease
e murphy sign
f feculent
g diarrhea
h ascites
i endoscopy
j melena
m. epigastric
n. steatorrhea
o. peristalsis
N
match the meaning to the word:

the region of the abdomen directly inferior to the hxyphoid process and superior to the umbilicus:


a striae
b portal vein
c hematochezia
d peptic ulcer disease
e murphy sign
f feculent
g diarrhea
h ascites
i endoscopy
j melena
m. epigastric
n. steatorrhea
o. peristalsis
M
match the meaning to the word:

the rhythmic contractions of the intestines and esophagus that help material to move:

a striae
b portal vein
c hematochezia
d peptic ulcer disease
e murphy sign
f feculent
g diarrhea
h ascites
i endoscopy
j melena
m. epigastric
n. steatorrhea
o. peristalsis
O
match the meaning to the word:

A large vessel created by the intersection of blood vessels from the gastrointestinal (GI) system that empties into the liver:

a striae
b portal vein
c hematochezia
d peptic ulcer disease
e murphy sign
f feculent
g diarrhea
h ascites
i endoscopy
j melena
m. epigastric
n. steatorrhea
o. peristalsis
B
match the meaning to the word:

vertical stretch marks that occur when a person lose and gaines weight rapidly

a striae
b portal vein
c hematochezia
d peptic ulcer disease
e murphy sign
f feculent
g diarrhea
h ascites
i endoscopy
j melena
m. epigastric
n. steatorrhea
o. peristalsis
A
match the meaning to the word:

pain when pressure is applied to the right upper quadrant of the abdomen in a specific manner; helps detect gallbladder problems:

a striae
b portal vein
c hematochezia
d peptic ulcer disease
e murphy sign
f feculent
g diarrhea
h ascites
i endoscopy
j melena
m. epigastric
n. steatorrhea
o. peristalsis
E
match the meaning to the word:

the insertion of a flexible tube into the esophagus with the intent of visualizing and repairing damage or disease.


a striae
b portal vein
c hematochezia
d peptic ulcer disease
e murphy sign
f feculent
g diarrhea
h ascites
i endoscopy
j melena
m. epigastric
n. steatorrhea
o. peristalsis
I
match the meaning to the word:

A disease in which the mucous lining of the stomach and duodenum have been eroded, allowing the acid to eat into these organs;

a striae
b portal vein
c hematochezia
d peptic ulcer disease
e murphy sign
f feculent
g diarrhea
h ascites
i endoscopy
j melena
m. epigastric
n. steatorrhea
o. peristalsis
D
when patients have ___________ _________, any drug that is given may remain active within the body for _______________ than anticipated.
liver disease

longer
Chronic consumption of _________ or _______ may increase the acidity in the stomach beyond the limits of the protective __________________ layers.
alcohol

smoking

mucosal
The _____________ veins transports _____________blood from the GI tract directly to the liver for processing of the nutrients that have been ___________________.
portal

venous

absorbed
The small intestine is divide into three sections. they are :

1. _____________________
2. _____________________
3. _____________________
duodenum

jejunum

ileum
People who are ______________ are more likely to have a poor outcome from ________________ -- ______________ illness.
immunocompromised

food-borne
Most peptic ulcers are the result of infection of the stomach with ___________ ____________. Another major cause is chronic use of ___________________ anti-inflammatory drugs.
helicobacter pylori

Nonsteroidal
__________________ ________________ ___________________ involve inflammation of the gallbladder.
biliary tract disorder
Ulcerative _________________ is caused by inflammation of the colon.
COLITIS
____________________ ____________________ is a disease of the young; most patient are between 15 and 30 years of age, It occurs with equal incidence in men and women. There is a strong ____________ component to this disease.
ULCERATIVE COLITIS

HEREDITARY
The presentation of appendicitis can be divided into the following 3 stages:

1. _________________________
2. _________________________
3. ___________________________
early

ripe

rupture
True or False?

Promethazine is a drug for managing patients with nausea and vomiting?
true
True or False?

Ulcerative colitis presents with a chronic complaint of abdominal pain often in the lower right area? This pain correspond to the location of the ileum. Rectal bleeding, weight loss and diarrhea are some symptom of this condition..
false
True or False?

All types of severe liver damage will lead to liver failure.
true
True or False?

Patients with peptic ulcers experience a classic experience a classic sequence of burning or gnawing pain in the stomach that subsides or diminishes immediately after eating, and then reemerge 2 to 3 hours later.
true
True or False?

Deep palpation can help you discern some of the organs and structures in the cavity and requires a level of technique usually employed in the prehospital setting.
false
True or False?

Pain is often an unimportant finding with GI patient. The patients complaint of pain is something that a paramedic must learn to expect.
false
True or False?

The major presenting problems from GI disease typically result in pain, hypovolemia, and infection.
true
True or False?

True absent bowel sounds, which are characterized by no sounds heard for 2 minutes, are typically not practical to discover in the prehospital setting.
true
True or False?

the foul-smelling stools that accompany GI emergencies are to be expected?
true
True or False?

Orthostatic vital signs are only relevant when dealing with abdominal trauma.
false