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114 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the 3 functions of the spleen?
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Blood production,
Destruction of rbc's, Blood Storage |
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What is the most common abnormality of the spleen?
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SPLENOMEGALY
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What is the size of an enlarged spleen?
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12-14cm
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What is the most common cause of splenomegaly?
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Congestion due to portal hypertension
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What does congesion do to the spleen?
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Fibrosis of Splenic tissue
Reversal of flow Collateral formation |
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What are 6 causes of Splenomegaly?
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Congestive conditions,
Hematologic Conditions, Infiltrative Conditions, Metabolic Conditions, Neoplasms, & Trauma |
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What type of conditions are portal hypertension, heart failure, & cystic Fibrosis?
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Congestive conditions for splenomegaly
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What type of conditions are Sickle Cell, Hodgkins, & Mono?
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Hematologic conditions of splenomegaly
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what type of conditions are Leukemia, Lymphoma, & systemic problems in the body due to?
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Infiltrative conditions
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What type of conditions are infections, hepatitis, CMV, AIDS?
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Metabolic conditions
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What are the 3 types of Splenic Cysts?
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Non-Parasitic, Parasitic, and Pseudocysts?
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What are Primary cysts that have epithelial lining and are congenital in nature?
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True Cysts
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When do false cysts most likely occur?
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With Trauma, Infection, or infarction
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These cysts have no lining and are likely to have wall calcifications.
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Secondary or False cysts
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aka Hydatid disease
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Parasitic cysts
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These type of cysts have no epithelial lining and are post traumatic resulting from healing hematomas.
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Pseudocysts
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Occur from a result of infection, trauma, or surgery that are indistinguishable from Metastatic lesions.
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Splenic Abscess
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Thick-walled, produce dirty shadows, having symptoms of pain, fever, & leukocytosis.
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Splenic Abscess
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Blood clots due to bacteria, vascular, or other systemic disorders.
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Splenic Infarcts
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Commonly seen as Wedge shaped lesions.
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Splenic Infarcts
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Most commonly due to secondary occulusion of the splenic artery or 1 or its branches.
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splenic infarcts
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An injury as a result of a blunt trauma in the spleen.
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Splenic hematoma
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What are the 3 types of splenic capsules?
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Intraparenchymal rupture,
Subcapsular rupture, Retroperitoneal rupture |
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What causes LUQ pain, a palpable mass, and possible shock?
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clinical symptoms of hematoma in spleen
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What are the lab values in the spleen?
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Hemoglobin & hematocrit
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What are the benign neoplasms of the spleen?
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Hemangioma, Hamartoma's, Lymphangioma's, Granuloma's.
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What are the malignant neoplasms of the spleen?
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HemangioSarcoma's, Lymphoma, Hodgkins, & Non-Hodgkins.
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What is a hematoma with splenic tissue?
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Intraparenchymal rupture
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aka Intraabdominal
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RetroPeritoneal Rupture
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A wedge shaped hematoma between splenic parenchyma & capsule.
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Subcapsular rupture
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The most dangerous type of rupture of the splenic capsule?
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Retroperitoneal rupture
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Aka cavernous thats a benign tumor of blood vessels.
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Hemangioma
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The most common benign neoplasm of the spleen.
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Hemangioma
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A well defined vascular tumor of slow-moving rbc's thats Asymptomatic.
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HEMANGIOMA
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Cells that grow spontaneously, reach maturity, and then do not reproduce?
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Hamartoma
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A self limiting tumor resulting from new growth of normal tissues w/in the vessels.
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Hamartoma's
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Hyperechoic, well defined unencapsulated tumor that is found in blood vessels, liver, lungs, & kidney's.
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hamartoma's
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A rare congenital tumor composed of lymphatic vessels.
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Lymphangioma
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A mulit-septated cystic mass that can be found in other soft-tissue organs such as the Neck, Axilla, & retroperitoneum.
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Lymphangioma
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Infective processes that don't shadow associated with AIDS that cause these to form.
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Granuloma's
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A rare, Primary malignancy of the spleen that arises from blood vessels w/in the spleen.
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HemangioSarcoma
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Provide Inhomogeneous lesions & inhomogeneous ultrasound images of the spleen.
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HemangioSarcoma
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Splenic calcifications or microcalcifications that are assoc w/post-traumatic injury or infection.
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Granulomas
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Leads to Anemia, LUQ pain, and weight loss with the potential to metastasize to the liver.
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HemangioSarcoma
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The most common splenic malignancy/
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Lymphoma
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What are the 3 types of Lymphoma?
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Burkih's Lymphoma,
Hodgkin's lymphoma, Non-Hodgkins Lymphoma |
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Lymphoma usually begins at which 2 possible locations w/in the spleen.
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Splenic Parenchyma or Lymph nodes
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Primary malignancy that arises from lymph tissues causing splenomegaly.
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Lymphoma
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Enlarged spleen, FUO, Joint pain, and weakness are what type of symptoms?
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Symptoms of Lymphoma
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Masses of the pelvis or abdomen that have a strong associated with Epstein-Barr virus?
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Burkih's Lymphoma
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The cause of Mono that destroys the jawbone.
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Epstein Barr Virus
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Enlarged lymph in the hilum of the spleen.
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Lymphadenopathy
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General lymph node enlargemet w/in lymph tissue, spleen, & liver.
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Hodgkins Lymphoma
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The most common and most serious type of lymphoma that increase with age.
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Non-hodgkins Lymphoma
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Ultrasound appearanceof lymph nodes in spleen that appears similar to liver Mets
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Lymphoma
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A type of Lymphoma that is most commin in males ages 15-34 or after age 50.
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Hodgkins Lymphoma
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What organs or Cancers do metastais of spleen originate from?
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Breast, lung, ovary, stomach, prostate, or melanoma.
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Has varying echogenicities with a bulls-eye or target appearance.
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Splenic Metastasis
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The most common primary metastatic lesion of the spleen.
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Melanoma
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Is the spleen intraperitoneal or retroperitoneal and what location does it sit in the abdomen?
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Intraperitoneal locatated in the left Hypochondrium
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Provides blood to the spleen
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Splenic Artery
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Leaves the hilum of the spleen
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Splenic Vein
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What is the outer portion of the A Gland called?
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Adrenal Cortex
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Secretes mineralocorticoids
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Zona Glomerulosa
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What are the 3 parts of the cortex of the Adrenal Gland?
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Zona Glomerulosa, Fasciculata, & Reticularis.
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Secretes Glucocorticoids
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Zona Fasciculata of Adrenal cortex
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Secretes Sex Hormones
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Zona Reticularis of Adrenal cortex
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A rare benign muliloculated hemorrhagic cyst with possible calcifications that is 3X more common in women.
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Adrenal Cyst
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Benign adrenal pathology that is more common in children due to increased vascularity & trauma from delivery.
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Adrenal Hemorrhage
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What are the 3 types of benign adrenal pathologys?
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Adrenal Cyst, hemorrhage, & Adrenal Adenomas.
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A benign, cortical primary non functioning tumor of the Adrenal gland that is asymptomatic & has normal lab values.
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Adrenal Adenoma
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Solid HypoEchoic lesion w/ possible calcifications that is non-functioning occuring on the cortex of adrenals.
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Adrenal Adenoma
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Oversecretion of the adrenal cortex
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HyperAdrenalism
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What are 3 types of hyperfunctioning disorders?
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Adrenogenital Syndromes,
cushings Syndrome, Conn's Syndrome |
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Oversecretion of the A.Cortex producing excess Androgens & Estrogens.
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Adrenogenital Syndromes
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What are the 3 types of Adrenogenital Syndromes?
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Hermaphroditism,
Virilization in the female, & Precocity in the male. |
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Premature development of male traits.
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Precocity in males, attributed to Adrenogenital syndromes.
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Secondary male characteristics displayed as voice changes, body hair & facial changes.
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Virilization in the female, coming from hyperfunctioning syndromes
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Hypercortisolism that can originate from the pituitary gland.
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Cushing's syndrome, a hyperfunctioning syndrome.
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Overproduction of the hormone, glucocorticoids caused by an adrenal tumor.
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Cushing's syndrome
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Adrenal Hyperplasia causing "moon face" or "fat face" or "buffalo Hump"
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Cushing's Syndrome
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HyperAldosteronism caused by a tumor or overproduction of Adrenal hormones.
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Conn's Syndrome
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High sodium content will be seen in the bloodstream with this hyperplasia of both Adrenal Glands.
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Conn's Syndrome
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Decreased Potassium levels is seen with this condition.
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Conn's Syndrome
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What is the single hypofunctioning disorder of the Adrenal gland?
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Addison's disease
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The term for Adrenal insufficiency
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HypoAdrenalism
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Atrophy of the cortex leads to decreased secretion of Mineralcorticoids, glucocorticoids, & sex hormones.
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HypoAdrenalism
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Disease resulting in chronic hypofunction of the Adrenal Cortex caused by a tumor or hormonal dysfunction.
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Addison's Disease
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Bronzing of the skin, Anorexia, hypoglycemia, sluggishness, & extreme fatigue are signs of what disorder?
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Addison's Disease
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A condition where you crave salt, feel weak, more common in women, & can be life threatening.
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Addison's disease
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A higly malignant primary tumor that functions to produce steroids & may extend into IVC or lymph nodes.
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Malignancy of the Adrenal Glands
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Ultrasound appearance of enlarged lymph nodes from 3-20cm, well defined, heterogeneous w/calcifications as it grows.
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Adrenal Malignancy
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What are the 2 types of Adrenal Malignancies?
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Pheochromocytoma & Neuroblastoma
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Highly malignant pediatric tumor of the Adrenal Medulla.
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Neuroblastoma
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A tumor of the Adrenal Medulla known as the 10% tumor.
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Pheochromocytoma
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What are some of the 10% tumors characteristics?
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Maligant, bilateral, Reoccuring, In children, run in families, outside the A. Gland, present with stroke, associated with Mens syndromes.
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Hyperfunctioning tumor that secretes Norephinephrine & epinephrine into the bloodstream.
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Pheochromocytoma
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Associated with Uncontrolled hypertension, severe headaches, but may also be asymptomatic.
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Clinical symptoms of Pheochromocytoma's
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Tumor with poor prognosis that can metastasize to the bone and liver.
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Neuroblastoma
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May be asymptomatic, failure to thrive, Fever, and anemia are clinical symptoms of this tumor.
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Neuroblastoma
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Homogeneous w/poor thru' transmission, well defined, and large tumor that can grow up to 5-6cm.
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Pheochromocytoma's
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Heterogeneous, irregular solid mass that is typically echogenic with calcifications as it ages.
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Neuroblastoma Tumor
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What condition has the differential diagnosis of "Wilms Tumor"?
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Neuroblastoma
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Heterogenous, calcified tumor that is more common in males and can displace the kidney, Aorta, & IVC if large.
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Neuroblastoma
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aka Suprarenal Glands
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Adrenal glands
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Triangular shaped gland
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Right Adrenal Gland
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Semilunar shaped gland
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Left Adrenal Gland
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What are the secondary Adrenal Tumors?
They started somewhere else and spread to the adrenals.. |
Lungs,
Breast, Stomach |
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What is the arterial component of the spleen for immunity producing antibodies?
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White Pulp
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The venous component of the spleen that controls phagocytosis, destroying bacteria & filters blood.
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Red Pulp
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What is Erythropoiesis?
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Production of blood
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What is the removal of defective cells through the walls of the sinusoids on its way to the veins.
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Culling
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Abnormal rbc’s are cleaned of imperfections and then returned to circulation.(recycles) blood to spleen.
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Pitting
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The most common primary metastaic lesion of the spleen?
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Melanoma
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