Abdomen Blue Boxes Ea

Front 1

What are hiccups?

Back 1

involuntary contractions of the diaphragm that cause rapid closure of the glottis producing the noise. Result from irritation of afferent or efferent nerve endings

Front 2

Rupture of spleen

Back 2

Most frequently injured organ. protected by the ribs 9-12. Results from sever blow to left side.

Front 3

splenectomy and splenomegaly

Back 3

removal of spleen to prevent a person from bleeding to death.
splenomegaly is when the spleen is severly enlarged in size and weight.

Front 4

accessory spleen

Back 4

may develop near the splenic hilum. Must be removed if a ectomy is performed because symptoms could persist.

Front 5

splenic needle biopsy and splenoportography

Back 5

When performing these it is very important to realise the space the recess of diaphragm and plueral cavity create. material could enter plueral cavity causing pleuritis.

Front 6

Blockage of ampulla and pancrease

Back 6

pancreatic duct joins the bile duct to form the hepatopancreatic ampulla. A stone can block this and cause a backage into pancreatic duct causing pancreatitis.

Front 7

Accessory pancreatic tissues

Back 7

may contain pancreatic islet cells that produce insulin. stomach and duodenum most common sites

Front 8

Rupture of pancreas

Back 8

VERY protected yet force trauma such as a steering wheel in an accident can do this

Front 9

Pancreatic cancer

Back 9

blocks biliary duct and can cause jaundice

Front 10

palpate liver

Back 10

lefthand behind lower rib cage and right hand in RUQ lat to RA mm and inferior to costal margins

Front 11

Subphrenic abscesses

Back 11

peritonitis may result in formation of absesses. Common sit for pus to accumulate is right or left subphrrenic resess or space. when patients are bedridden, pus may drain to teh hepatorenal recesses

Front 12

Hepatic lobectomies

Back 12

When vessels dont communicate left to right it is possible to remove one lobe with little bleeding. Segments can also be removed now

Front 13

Rupture of liver

Back 13

Fractured ribs often do this.

Front 14

aberrant hepatic arteries

Back 14

common source of right hepatic = SMA
common source of left = left gastric a

Front 15

variations in hepatic arteries

Back 15

Most people have the right hepatic cross anterior to the hepatic portal vein and run post to the common hepatic duct. Yet may be post and anterior respectively

Front 16

Cirrhosis of the liver

Back 16

Alcoholic cirrhosis most common and causes portal hypertension

Front 17

Liver biopsy

Back 17

Liver in right hypochondriac region. Go through 10th intercostal space

Front 18

Mobile gallbladder

Back 18

dangled by messsentary can cause an infarction if tangled

Front 19

Acessory hepatic duct

Back 19

watch for this in surgery because can leak bile if not noticed

Front 20

Gallstones

Back 20

made of cholesterol crystals in gallbladder, cystic duct or bile duct

Front 21

Gallstones in duodenum

Back 21

Gallbladders can develop fistulas that spread to the close in proximity small intestine

Front 22

Cystohepatic triangle

Back 22

cystic a most commonly arises from the right hepatic artery in this area. defines by teh cystic duct (inf), (med) hepatic duct, (sup) inf surface of liver

Front 23

portal hypertension

Back 23

this high pressure can produce varicose veins

Front 24

Portosysstemic shunts

Back 24

reducing portal hypertension by diverting blood from portal venous system to the systemic venous sys by creating shunt between the hepatic portal vein and IVC

Front 25

Section of phrenic nerve

Back 25

results in paralysis and atrophy of the respected diaphragm

Front 26

Referred pain from diaphragm

Back 26

shoulder pain at C3-C5 or irritation of the diagphragmatic pleura

Front 27

Rupture of Diaphragm an dherniation of viscera

Back 27

Sudden increase in intrathoracic or intr-abdominal pressure. hiatal hernia, part of the stomach comes through the hiatus into thorx

Front 28

congenital diaphragmatic hernia

Back 28

part of stomach and intestine herniate through larger posterolateral defect (foramen of Bochdalek) near diaphram region.

Front 29

Psoas abcess

Back 29

produced by TB in the lumbar region spreading to the vertebrae in psoas sheath

Front 30

Posterior abdominal pain

Back 30

Movement of the iliopsoas will cause pain when certain structures are diseased. kidneys, ureter, cecum, lumbar lymph nodes, and nerves

Front 31

Partial lumbar sympathectomy

Back 31

treatment for arterial disease in lower limbs. remove 2 or more lumbar sympathetic ganglia and their rami communicants.

Front 32

Pulsations of Aorta and AAA

Back 32

pulsations can be detected left of midline. Acute rupture is pain in teh abdomen or lower back.

Front 33

collateral routes for abdominopelvic venous blood

Back 33

3 routes formed by valveless veins of the trunk are available for venous return of blood to the heart when IVC is obstructed. (sup/inf epigastric and thoracoepigastric vein)

Front 34

accessory pancreatic duct

Back 34

if present enters the duodenum at the more superior minor duodenal papilla

Front 35

Esophageal varices

Back 35

Use an esophagoscope to view these patches in the esophagus