Abdomen A&p/abdominal Trauma

Front 1

Right upper quadrant contains:

Back 1

-gall bladder
-right kidney
-most of liver
-some of small bowel
-portion of ascending/transverse colon
-small portion of pancreas

Front 2

Left upper quadrant contains:

Back 2

-stomach
-spleen
-left kidney
-most of pancreas
-portion of liver
-small bowel
- transverse/descending colon

Front 3

Right lower quadrant contains:

Back 3

-appendix
-portion of urinary bladder
-small bowel
-ascending colon
-rectum
-female genitalia

Front 4

Left lower quadrant contains:

Back 4

-sigmoid colon
-portions of urinary bladder
-small bowel
-descending colon
-rectum
-female genitalia

Front 5

accessory organs of digestion:

Back 5

-liver
-gallbladder
-pancreas

Front 6

Peristalsis

Back 6

-waves of contraction to propel food through the small and large bowel

Front 7

Liver function

Back 7

-detoxifying blood
-providing bile
-removing damaged/aged RBC
-storing glycogen
-produces proteins for clotting

Front 8

Gallbladder function:

Back 8

-Recieves bile from the liver and stores it until it is needed during digestion of fatty foods

Front 9

Pancreas function:

Back 9

-production of glucagon, insulin, and somastatin.
-produces very powerful enzymes that help return pH toward normal and breakdown proteins

Front 10

Spleen function:

Back 10

-Part of the immune system
-stores blood
-can be injured especially with left flank impacts

Front 11

Urinary system made up of:

Back 11

-kidneys
-ureters
-urinary bladder
-urethra

Front 12

Urinary bladder can hold:

Back 12

-anywhere from 10cc-500cc when fully distended.

Front 13

Supine hypotensive syndrome:

Back 13

-in the last trimester of pregnancy, the uterus is significant in size and may compress the vena cava, which in turn reduces venous return to the heart.

Front 14

Peritoneum

Back 14

-fibrous tissue surrounding the interior of most of the abdominal cavity and covering most of the small bowel and some of the abdominal organs

Front 15

Mesentery

Back 15

-double fold of peritoneum that support the mahor portion of the small bowel, suspending it from the posterior abdominal wall

Front 16

Blunt trauma most frequently involve

Back 16

-the spleen and the liver

Front 17

Evisceration

Back 17

-a protrusion of organs from a wound.
-most common through anterior abdominal wall and usually associated with large/deep laceration

Front 18

Hollow Organs include:

Back 18

-stomach
-small bowel
-large bowel
-rectum
-urinary bladder
-gallbladder
-pregnant uterus

Front 19

Hollow organ injury:

Back 19

-may rupture with compression from blunt forces, especially if the organ if full and distended.
-small bowel is most frequently injured hollow organ
-damage to these organs causes hemorrhage and spillage of their contents into the peritoneal spaces

Front 20

Hematochezia

Back 20

-blood in the stool

Front 21

Hematemesis

Back 21

-the vomitting of blood

Front 22

Hematuria

Back 22

-blood in the urine

Front 23

Solid organs include

Back 23

-spleen
-liver
-pancreas
-kidneys

Front 24

Solid organ injury

Back 24

-prone to contuse, resulting in organ damage and minimal bleeding, or to rupture.
-organs that have intac capsule will limit hemorrhage.

Front 25

Right shoulder referred pain is from:

Back 25

-liver injury/ accumulation of blood against the diaphragm

Front 26

Most vascular injuries are associated with:

Back 26

-penetratin trauma

Front 27

bradycardia maybe present why?

Back 27

-increased blood loss into peritoneal cavity may cause vagal stimulation causing drop in pulse

Front 28

Peritonitis

Back 28

-inflammation of the peritoneum caused by chenical or bacterial irritation
-usually takes 12-24 hours to grow sufficient numbers to produce inflammation

Front 29

Rebound tenderness

Back 29

-pain on release of the examiners hands, allowing the patients abdominal wall to return to its normal position.
-associated with peritoneal irritation

Front 30

Number one killer of pregnant females:

Back 30

-Trauma.
**unrestrained mothers 4 times more likely to suffer fetal mortality**

Front 31

Late term female is at additional risk of:

Back 31

Vomiting and possible aspiration due to increased intra-abdominal pressure

Front 32

A pregnant female may lose what percent of blood before a change in BP and pulse is noted

Back 32

30-35%

Front 33

Pregnant female has how much more blood volume

Back 33

45-50%

Front 34

Abruptio placentae

Back 34

-a condition in which the plecenta seperates from the uterine wall.
-is dangerous because the separation permits both maternal and fetal hemorrhage.

Front 35

A child may have internal organ injuries even though no broken ribs are noted.

*true or false**

Back 35

True. Children have increased cartilage making rib fracture less likely, but still may have internal injuries

Front 36

A late pregnancy patient should be placed how? why?

Back 36

-Left latera to prevent compression of the inferior vena cava

Front 37

Abdominal Trauma gets fluid to what BP??

Back 37

-80mmHg.
-typically limited to 3000cc

Front 38

How do you cover exposed abdominal organs?

Back 38

-moistened dressing with sterile saline
-cover wet dressing with a sterile occlusive dressing