Abdomen

Front 1

normal bowel sounds

Back 1

-high-pitched, gurgling, cascading sounds
-occur irregularly anywhere from 5-30x a min.

Front 2

hyperactive bowel sounds

Back 2

-loud high-pitched, rushing, tinkling
-signals increased motility
-occur with early mechanical bowel obstruction, gastroenteritis, diarrhea, laxative use, subsiding paralytic ileus

Front 3

borborygmus

Back 3

hyperactive bowel sound like "stomach growling"

Front 4

hypoactive bowel sounds

Back 4

-follows abdominal surgery or with inflammation of the peritoneum, or late bowel obstruction
-signals decreased motility
-also occurs with pneumonia

Front 5

guaiac test

Back 5

-detects present of fecal occult blood

Front 6

What order do you do an abdominal assessment?

Back 6

inspect -> auscultate -> percuss -> palpate

Front 7

organs in RLQ

Back 7

cecum, appendix, right ovary and tube, right ureter, right spermatic cord

Front 8

organs in RUQ

Back 8

liver, gallbladder, duodenum, head of pancreas, right kidney and adrenal gland, hepatic flexure of colon, part of ascending and transverse colon

Front 9

organs in LUQ

Back 9

spleen, stomach, left lobe of liver, body of pancreas, left kidney and adrenal gland, splenic flexure of colon, part of transverse and descending colon

Front 10

organs in LLQ

Back 10

part of descending colon, sigmoid colon, left ovary and tube, left ureter, left spermatic cord

Front 11

subjective data of abdomen assessment

Back 11

appetite, dysphagia, food intolerance, pain, nausea/vomiting, bowel habits, past abdominal history, medications, nutritional assessment (24 hour recall)

Front 12

hollow viscera

Back 12

stomach, gallbladder, small intestine, colon, bladder

Front 13

solid viscera

Back 13

liver, pancreas, spleen, adrenal glands, kidneys, ovaries, uterus

Front 14

rebound tenderness

Back 14

reliable sign of peritoneal inflammation, accompanying appendecitis

Front 15

inspiratory arrest

Back 15

aka Murphy's sign
-pain when completing a deep breath
-inflammation of the gallbladder (cholecystitis)

Front 16

iliopsoas msucle test

Back 16

-perform when appendicitis is suspected
-leg straight, push down on lower part of right thigh

Front 17

obturator test

Back 17

-perform when appendicitis is suspected

Front 18

what do you inspect during an abdomen exam?

Back 18

contour, symmetry, umbilicus, skin, pulsation or movement, hair distribution, demeanor

Front 19

splenic dullness

Back 19

-percuss for dull note from 9th to 11th intercostal space, just behind left midaxillary line
-tympany should be at left anterior axillary line

Front 20

how do you test for ascites?

Back 20

-Fluid wave
-shifting dullness (will not detect less than 500ml of fluid)

Front 21

what would you expect when percussing a patient with an ovarian cyst?

Back 21

Top dull over fluid.
Intestines pushed superiorly.
Large cyst produces fluid wave and shifting dullness.