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45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Layers of the abdomen, list superficial to deepp |
*skin *superficial fascia *deep fascia *muscles *transversalis fascia *extraperitoneal fat *parietal peritoneum |
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describe the transversalis fascia |
connective tissue layer surrounding entire inner surface of abdomen |
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Describe how the abdomen is divided into regions |
*midclavicular lines *intertubercular plane: between the ASIS *subcostal plane: beneath costal cartilages of ribs 10 |
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Name the 9 regions of the abdomen, right to let, top to bottom. |
R. hypochondriac epigastric L. hypochondriac R lumbar umbilical L lumbar R inguinal hypogastric L inguinal |
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How is the abdomen divided into quadrants? What are the names of the quadrants? |
*one horizontal and one vertical line through the umbilicus *right and left upper quadrants right and left lower quadrants |
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Describe the linea alba |
a line of connective tissue down the center of the abdomen (a ruffae) |
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How do the various oblique muscles (and TA) insert into the linea alba |
via their respective aponeuroses |
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Describe the general direction and shape of external external oblique |
*fibers run supra lateral to infra medial *fibers located anterolaterally, medially becomes a external oblique aponeurosis |
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Describe the general direction and shape of internal abdominal oblique |
*Above ASIS: fibers run infra lateral to supra medial *Below ASIS: fibers run transverse *fibers located anterolaterally, medially becomes internal oblique aponeurosis |
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Common actions of anterior abdominal muscles |
*protect abdominal viscera *compress abdomen in order to increase intra abominal pressure |
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How do external and internal obliques work together |
Contralateral external and internal work together to achieve same function, trunk rotation ipsilateral to internal oblique ex: right side EO and left side IO rotate to left |
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Describe the general structure of rectus abdominis |
*2 muscles running parallel to linea alba *fibers attached at multiple places via tendinous intersections *intersections allow for more specific control of muscles |
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Describe the rectus sheath above the arcuate line |
*encloses rectus abdominis *anterior sheath formed by external Os and internal Os aponeuroses *posterior sheath formed by internal Os and TA aponeuroses |
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What does the aponeurosis of internal abdominal oblique do at the rectus abdominis above the arcuate line? |
splits into two to surround rectus abdominis on the anterior and posterior side |
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Describe the rectus sheath below the arcuate line |
*surrounds rectus abdominis on the anterior side *all 3 aponeuroses contribute to anterior sheath *no posterior rectus sheath |
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What is directly deep to rectus abdominis inferior to the arcuate line? |
transversalis fascia |
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Describe the location of the arcuate line and what it bounds |
*between anterior superior iliac spines *forms the inferior boundary of posterior rectus sheath |
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Describe the blood supply to the medial anterior abdominal wall |
Superior epigastric aa (from internal thoracic) forms anastomosis with inferior epigastric aa (from external iliac aa from common iliac aa from abdominal aorta) |
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Where can you typically find the superior epigastric artery? |
running through the rectus abdominis |
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Describe one type of venous drainage of the abdomen (epigastric) |
*superior epigastric vv drain to internal thoracic vv drain to brachiocephalic vv drain to SVC *inferior epigastric vv drain to external iliac vv drain to common iliac vv drain to IVC |
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Describe a second venous drainage path above the umbilicus |
lateral thoracic vv drain to axillary vv drain to subclavian vv drain to brachiocephalic vv drain to SVC |
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Describe a second venous drainage path below the umbilicus |
superficial epigastric vv drain to femoral vv drain to external iliac vv drain to common iliac vv drain to IVC |
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Describe the thoracoabdominal nerves |
ventral rami of thoracic nerves (to T11) when medial to intercostal spaces (intercostal nerves) |
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Name two branches of L1 ventral ramus |
*iliohypogastric *ilioinguinal |
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Name the ventral ramus of T12 |
subcostal nerve |
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Grossly describe an abdominal hernia |
abdominal contents (usually intestines) pushing though abdominal wall |
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Describe the inguinal ligament |
*inferior most part of external oblique aponeurosis folded back *attached to ASIS and pubic tubercle |
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What is the weekend area in the anterior abdominal wall |
inguinal region |
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Inguinal ligament as a landmark |
*external iliac artery runs underneath and becomes femoral artery *just inferior to inguinal canal *inferior boundary of inguinal triangle |
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Grossly describe the location of the inguinal canal |
*oblique, inferior part of anterior abdominal wall *super and parallel to inguinal ligament |
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Contents of the inguinal canal |
*spermatic cord (male) *ligamentum teres (round ligament) of the uterus |
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What descends through inguinal canal? Name condition if they remain undescended |
*Testes descend from abdomen to scrotum via inguinal canal before birth *Cryptochidism: undescended testes |
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anterior boundary of inguinal canal |
external abdominal oblique aponeurosis |
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posterior boundary of inguinal canal |
transversalis fascia |
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roof of inguinal canal |
internal oblique and transversus abdominis fibers |
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floor of inguinal canal |
inguinal ligament |
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location of superficial inguinal ring |
*in external oblique aponeurosis *superior and lateral to pubic tubercle |
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location of deep inguinal ring |
*in transversalis fascia *lateral to inferior epigastric artery |
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general location of inguinal triangle |
weakened region in abdominal wall with no muscles fibers located posterolateral to superficial inguinal ring |
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boundaries of inguinal triangle |
inferior: inguinal ligament medial: lateral rectus abdominis lateral: inferior epigastric a/v |
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Describe the more common inguinal hernia |
an indirect inguinal hernia results in abdominal contents passing through deep and superficial inguinal rings (via inguinal canal) to the scrotum begins lateral to inferior epigastric a/v |
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Describe a direct inguinal hernia |
abdominal contents pass directly through anterior abdominal wall (usually in inguinal triangle), can continue through the wall or go into inguinal canal begins medial to inferior epigastric a/v |
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Describe formation of iliopsoas muscle |
Iliacus and psoas major originate separately, join together, travel under inguinal ligament, and insert on lesser trochanter |
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What muscle do the fibers of the lumbar plexus pass through |
psoas major |
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Name some structures with close physical relationship to the psoas major |
*kidneys *ureters *pancreas *cecum/appendix *sigmoid colon *lumbar plexus *abdominal aorta *IVC *gonadal artery *common iliac arteries |