Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
126 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
The abdomen separates what two cavities? |
abdominal and thoracic |
|
|
where are the psoas major muscles located |
on either side of the lumbar vertebral column. lateral margins/boarders should be faintly visible |
|
|
what are the three most important muscles within the abdominal cavity |
diaphragm right psoas major left psoas major |
|
|
What is the most common exam? |
KUB |
|
|
what are the 4 accessory organs of the digestive system? |
liver gallbladder pancreas speen |
|
|
which accessory organ is apart of the lymphatic system? |
spleen |
|
|
Starting at the mouth list the order of the digestive tract |
oral cavity pharynx esophagus stomach small intestine large intestine anus
|
|
|
what are the 3 segments of the small intestines |
duodenum jejunum ileum
|
|
|
what are the 6 segments of large intestine |
cecum ascending transverse descending sigmond rectum |
|
|
what do the accessory organs do? |
help in digestion
|
|
|
What characteristic is special about the duedenum |
shortest and widest |
|
|
how much of the small intestine does the jejunum make up? |
2/5 |
|
|
how much of the small intestine does the ileum make up? |
3/5 |
|
|
What structure connects the ascending to the transverse colon? |
right colic flexure |
|
|
what structure connects the transverse to the descending colon? |
left colic flexure |
|
|
When the duodenum is filled with contrast what does it look like? |
a "C" |
|
|
Where does the ileum end? |
at the ileocecal valve
|
|
|
What quadrant does the Large intestine start? |
RLQ |
|
|
Where is the appendix attached? |
to the posteromedial aspect of the cecum |
|
|
after the ileocecal valve what section of the large intestine follows? |
cecum |
|
|
Will we see the pancreas in an abdominal radiograph? |
no |
|
|
Where is the pancreas located? |
posterior to the stomach, near the posterior abdominal wall |
|
|
where is the head of the pancreas located? |
c-loop of the duodenum |
|
|
where is the tail of the pancreas located? |
extends towards the upper left abdomen |
|
|
what quadrant is the liver located in |
RUQ |
|
|
What is the job of the liver? |
production of bile - digest fats |
|
|
if bile is not needed it is stored where? |
gallbladder |
|
|
where is the gallbladder located? |
pear shaped sac located below the liver |
|
|
what is the function of the gallbladder? |
store and concentrate bile |
|
|
Which flexure sits higher? |
left colic
liver on the right? |
|
|
what does the urinary system consist of? |
2 kidneys 2 ureters urinary bladder urethra |
|
|
where are the kidneys in the body? |
posterior |
|
|
True/false: the total area of the peritoneum is about equal to the total SA of our skin .. entire body |
true |
|
|
What are the two peritoneum layers? |
parietal peritoneum and visceral peritoneum |
|
|
the two peritoneum layers make up what? |
peritoneal cavity |
|
|
The parietal peritoneum does what? |
two layered and adheres to the cavity wall |
|
|
the visceral peritoneum does what? |
covers the organ |
|
|
What is ascites? |
accumulation of the lubricating serious fluid within the peritoneal cavity |
|
|
What is the mesentary? |
Double fold that holds the small intestine in place
peritoneum forms large folds that bind the abdominal organs to eachother and to the walls |
|
|
true/false: the mesentary is specific to the small intestine |
true |
|
|
The omentum is divided into what? |
lesser omentum greater omentum |
|
|
what is the omentum? |
double folded peritoneum that extends from the stomach to other organs
|
|
|
What is the lesser omentum? |
extends superiorly from the lesser curvature of th estomach to the portions of the liver |
|
|
what is the greater omentum |
connects the transverse colon to the greater curvature of the stomach inferiorly. drapes down the small bowels then folds back on itself
forms an apron along the anterior abdominal wall.
|
|
|
if you entered the abdomen on the midanterior wall, the first structure encountered beneath the parietal peritoneum is the ... |
greater omentum |
|
|
What does retro mean? |
behind ... towards the back. |
|
|
what does intra mean? |
within |
|
|
what does infra mean? |
beneath |
|
|
What organs are in the RUQ? |
liver gallbladder r. colic flexure duodenum head of pancreas right kidney right suprarenal gland
|
|
|
what organs are in the LUQ? |
spleen stomach l. colic flexure tail of pancreas left kidney left suprarenal gland |
|
|
what organs are in the RLQ? |
ascending colon appendix cecum 2/3 of ileum ileocecal valve |
|
|
what organs are in the LLQ? |
descending colon sigmoid colon 2/3 of jejunum
|
|
|
what is the horizontal line located on the spine of the 4 quadrants? |
intervetebral disk ... L4 L5 |
|
|
What are the regions of nine? |
right hypochondriac epigastric left hypochondriac right lateral (lumbar) umbilical left lateral (lumbar) right inguinal (iliac) public (hypogastic) left inguinal (iliac) |
|
|
what are the 7 topographic landmarks? |
xiophiod process inferior costal margin iliac crest ASIS (anterior superior iliac spine) greater trochanter symphysis pubis ischial tuberosity |
|
|
Where is the xiphoid process within the spine and what does it show us? |
T9 - T10 superior margins of abdomen |
|
|
where is the inferior costal (rib) margins located within the spine and what does it show us? |
L2 - L3 located upper abdominal organs .. gallbladder and stomach |
|
|
where is the ilian crest located within the spine and what does it show us? |
L4-L5 veterbral interspace most commonly used midabdomen ..
center the CR to here |
|
|
waht does the ASIS show us? |
find crest and move anteriorly and inferiorly until the "bump"
generally use for positioning the pelvic and vertebral structures |
|
|
What level is the greater trochanter at? |
same level as the superior boarder of symphysis |
|
|
What is the symphysis pubis and where is it located? |
anterior junction - joint - of the 2 pelvic bones located inferior magins of abdomen |
|
|
When do we use the ischial tuberosity |
used to determine lower margins on a PA abdomen 1 1/2 inches below the symphysis pubis
butt bone |
|
|
what two large abdominal mucles extend next to the lumbar spine and are indicators of a well exposed KUB |
psoas major |
|
|
which of the following is NOT one of the accessory organs for digestion?
spleen pancreas liver gallbladder |
spleen |
|
|
what is the name of the double-fold of peritoneum that extends from the lesser curvature of th estomach to portions of the liver?
greater omentum lesser omentum mesentery mesocolon |
lesser omentum |
|
|
the transverse colon is clasified as a _____ structure
inraperitoneal retroperitoneal infraperitoneal extraperitoneal |
intraperitoneal |
|
|
the pancreas is classified as a _____ structure
intraperitoneal retroperitoneal infraperitoneal extraperitoneal
|
retroperitoneal |
|
|
the sigmoid colon is located in the ____ quadrant |
LLQ |
|
|
when do we expose for an abdominal expiration |
expiration |
|
|
what should we be able to visualize in each radiograph? |
psoas mucles transverse process of lumbar vertebra kindey shadows lower lier margins |
|
|
What are the routine exams for abdomen? |
AP supine |
|
|
What are the special exams for abdomen? |
right lateral decubitus (AP) AP erect |
|
|
Where do you center the CR? |
iliac crest |
|
|
Does abdomen mean flanks or no flanks? |
flanks |
|
|
does KUB mean flanks or no flanks? |
no flanks |
|
|
Define abcess |
area of tissue becomes infected and immune system tries to fight it |
|
|
define ascites |
abnormal accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity. chronic. lubricating serous fluid |
|
|
define pnumoperitoneum |
free air or gas in the peritoneal cavity. serios condition and requires surgery |
|
|
define obstruction |
blocking or clogging |
|
|
define crohn's disease |
also known as regional enteristis. chronic. inflammation of intestinal wall. results in bowel obstructions |
|
|
define intussusception |
telescoping of a section of bowels into antother loop. creates obstruction. most common in distal small intestine. MUST be treated in 24 hours.
|
|
|
define volvulus |
twisting of a loop of intestine. creates obstruction |
|
|
define adhesion |
fibrous bands of scar tissue that form between organs/tissues. joins them together abnormally.
|
|
|
define hernia |
buldge of organ |
|
|
define appendicitis |
inflammation of appendix
|
|
|
define fistula |
permanent abnormal passageway between two organs in the body or between an organ and exterior of the body |
|
|
define acute |
severe symptoms and rapid onset |
|
|
define ilieus |
partial or complete non-mechanical bloackage of small and or large intestines |
|
|
define ulcerative colitis |
form of inflammatory bowel disease. casues swelling, ulceration, loss of function. large intestine |
|
|
define atresia |
congenital absence/closure of normal body opening or tubular structure
|
|
|
What type of organ is the kidneys? |
retroperitoneal |
|
|
what type of organ is the pancreas? |
retroperitoneal |
|
|
what type of organ is the duodenum |
retroperitoneal |
|
|
what type of organ is the inferior vena cava? |
retroperitoneal |
|
|
what type of organ is the aorta? |
retroperitoneal |
|
|
what time of organ is the desecnding colon? |
retroperitoneal |
|
|
what type of organ is the ureters? |
retroperitoneal |
|
|
what type of organ is the liver? |
intraperitoeal |
|
|
what type of organ is the gallbladder? |
intraperitoneal |
|
|
what type of organ is the spleen? |
intra |
|
|
what type of organ is hte stomach |
intra |
|
|
what type of organ is hte jugunum |
intra |
|
|
what type of organ is the ileum |
intra |
|
|
what type of oran is th ececum |
intra |
|
|
what type of organ is the transverse colon |
intra |
|
|
what type of organ is the sigmoid colon? |
intra |
|
|
what type of organ is the bladder? |
infra |
|
|
what type of organ is the urinary bladder? |
infra |
|
|
what type of organ is the lower rectum |
infra |
|
|
what type of organ is the reporductive organs |
infra |
|
|
What are the two most common sites for crohn's diease? |
terminal ileum and proximal colon |
|
|
a tall hypostehnic or asthenic patient may require ____ (one or two) IRs ______ (lengthwise or crosswise) |
two IRs lengthwise |
|
|
a broad hypersthneic patient may require ______ (one or two) IR's placed ______ (legnthwise or crosswise) |
two IRs crosswise |
|
|
True/false: we move the IR/CR on lateral decubitus exams up 3 inches above the iliac crest. |
FALSE. 2 inches above the iliac crest |
|
|
True/false: we move the IR so that the center is approximately 2 inches above the iliac crest for erect positions |
true |
|
|
Patients should be on their side for how many minutes before the exposure? |
a minimum of 5 10 to 20 is preferred |
|
|
where is the xiphoid process located within the spine? |
T9/T10 |
|
|
where is the inferior costal margins located within the spine? |
L2/L3 |
|
|
where is the iliac crest located within the spine? |
L4/L5 |
|
|
what is the function of the spleen |
filters blood within the immune systemw |
|
|
What is the function of the pancreas? |
has endocrine and exocrine function.
helps in digestion regulates blood sugar |
|
|
describe hypersthenic |
broad, deep, narrow |
|
|
describe hyposthenic |
normal |
|
|
describe sthenic |
normal |
|
|
describe asthenic |
norrow, long, shallow |
|
|
what abdominal structures show a good exposure? |
liver spleen kidneys air filled stomach and bowl segments arch of the symphysis pubis |
