Abac Biol 3500 Chapter 2 Spring 2015

Front 1

What structures do all cells have in common?

Back 1

1. Cytoplasmic membrane
2. Cytoplasm
3. Ribosomes

Front 2

What cell type has DNA enclosed in a membrane-bound nucleus? (prokaryotic/eukaryotic)

Back 2

Eukaryotic

Front 3

What cell type contains organelles? (prokaryotic/eukaryotic)

Back 3

Eukaryotic

Front 4

What cell type contains no membrane-enclosed organelles and no nucleus? (prokaryotic/eukaryotic)

Back 4

Prokaryotic

Front 5

What cell type is generally smaller? (prokaryotic/eukaryotic)

Back 5

Prokaryotic

Front 6

What properties of viruses differentiate them from living cells?

Back 6

Not considered cells
No metabolic abilities of their own but rely completely on biosynthetic machinery of host cell

Front 7

____ (prokaryotic/eukaryotic) cells generally have a single, circular DNA molecule called a chromosome.

Back 7

prokaryotic

Front 8

In ________ (prokaryotic/eukaryotic) cells, DNA aggregates to form the nucleoid region.

Back 8

prokaryotic

Front 9

________ (prokaryotic/eukaryotic) cells may have plasmids.

Back 9

prokaryotic

Front 10

Small amounts of extra-chromosomal DNA that confer special properties (e.g., antibiotic resistance)

Back 10

plasmids

Front 11

In ______(prokaryotic/eukaryotic) cells, DNA is linear and found within the nucleus.

Back 11

Eukaryotic

Front 12

In ______(prokaryotic/eukaryotic) cells, DNA is associated with proteins called histones.

Back 12

Eukaryotic

Front 13

_____ are proteins that help in folding of the DNA

Back 13

histones

Front 14

______ (prokaryotic/eukaryotic) cells, usually have 2 copies of each chromosome-diploid.

Back 14

Eukaryotic

Front 15

During cell division, nucleus divides by ______

Back 15

mitosis

Front 16

During sexual reproduction, the genome is halved by ______

Back 16

meiosis

Front 17

____ is the process of change over time that results in new varieties and species of organisms.

Back 17

Evolution

Front 18

Evolutionary relationships between organisms is ______.

Back 18

Phylogeny

Front 19

_____ is the scientist who pioneered the use of comparative rRNA sequence analysis as a measure of microbial phylogeny.

Back 19

Carl Woese

Front 20

Phylogeny uses ________ to compare organisms.

Back 20

Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

Front 21

What rRNA is used to compare prokaryotes?

Back 21

16S rRNA of the 30S subunit

Front 22

What rRNA is used to compare eukaryotes?

Back 22

18S rRNA of the 40S subunit

Front 23

Why is rRNA is excellent for determining phylogeny?

Back 23

1. universally distributed
2. significantly conserved
3. functionally constant
4. adequate length

Front 24

Comparative rRNA sequencing has defined three distinct lineages of cells called domains. List them.

Back 24

Bacteria (prokaryotic)
Archaea (prokaryotic)
Eukarya (eukaryotic)

Front 25

Archaea are more closely related to_____ than ______

Back 25

Eukarya
Bacteria

Front 26

______ (prokaryotic/eukaryotic) microorganisms were the ancestors of multicellular organisms

Back 26

Eukaryotic

Front 27

Mitochondria and chloroplasts are similar to bacteria because ______

Back 27

1. circular genome like prokaryotes
2. 70S ribosomes like prokaryotes

3. replicate inside cell by binary fission

4. have transport porins

5. inner membrane has bacterial membrane lipids

6. contain bacterial genes

7. Start codon results in N-formyl methionine as initial amino acid

Front 28

Mitochondria and chloroplasts took up residence in Eukarya eons ago. This is known as ____

Back 28

endosymbiosis

Front 29

____ are organisms that obtain their energy from the oxidation of organic molecules.

Back 29

Chemoorganotrophs

Front 30

_____ use oxygen to obtain energy.

Back 30

Aerobes

Front 31

______ obtain energy in the absence of oxygen.

Back 31

Anaerobes

Front 32

_____ are organisms that obtain their energy from the oxidation of inorganic molecules.

Back 32

Chemolithotrophs

Front 33

What are the only chemolithotrophic organisms?

Back 33

only a few prokaryotes

Front 34

_____ are organisms that contain pigments that allow them to use light as an energy source.

Back 34

Phototrophs

Front 35

______ photosynthesis produces oxygen.

Back 35

Oxygenic

Front 36

_____ are organisms that use carbon dioxide as their carbon source.

Back 36

Autotrophs

Front 37

_____ are organisms that are sometimes referred to as primary producers.

Back 37

Autotrophs

Front 38

_____ are organisms that require one or more organic molecules for their carbon source.

Back 38

Heterotrophs

Front 39

_____ are organisms that feed directly on autotrophs or live off products produced by autotrophs.

Back 39

Heterotrophs

Front 40

Scientists that has shown microbial diversity is much greater than laboratory culturing can reveal.

Back 40

Norman Pace

Front 41

What cell type is generally larger and more complex? (prokaryotic/eukaryotic)

Back 41

Eukaryotic

Front 42

The _____ is a cell’s full complement of genes

Back 42

Genome

Front 43

______ (prokaryotic/eukaryotic) cells, usually have multiple linear chromosomes.

Back 43

Eukaryotic

Front 44

_____ photosynthesis does not produce oxygen.

Back 44

Anoxygenic

Front 45

70S ribosomes of prokaryotes are made of a __________ small subunit and a ________ large subunit.

Back 45

30
50

Front 46

80S ribosomes of eukaryotes are made of a __________ small subunit and a ________ large subunit.

Back 46

40
60

Front 47

Oxygenic phototrophs use ________ as an electron source and produce __________ as a waste product.

Back 47

H2O
O2

Front 48

Anoxygenic phototrophs use ________ as an electron source and produce __________ as a waste product.

Back 48

HsS
S