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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Science |
A systematic approach for seeking and organizing knowledge of the natural world. |
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Goals of science |
Description, prediction, and control |
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Natural science |
Empirical phenomena; direct measurement and observation of phenomena or its permanent products. |
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Types of natural science |
Physics, chemistry, biology, behavioral analysis. |
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Social science |
Hypothetical constructs outside of the natural realm; indirect observation and measurement. |
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Types of social science |
Psychology, sociology, political science |
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Philosophical assumptions |
Determinism, empiricism, parsimony, philosophical doubt, pragmatism. |
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Determinism |
The universe is a lawful and orderly place. |
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Empiricism |
Objective observation with thorough description and quantification of the phenomena of interest, behavior. |
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Experimentation |
Systematic manipulation of an independent variable. |
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Replication |
Repeating any part of an experiment. |
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Parsimony |
Requires that all simple, logical explanations for the phenomena of interest be ruled out experimentally before more complex or abstract explanations are considered. |
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Philosophical doubt |
Continually question the truthfulness of what is regarded as fact. |
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Pragmatism |
Assesses the truth of theories or beliefs in terms of the success of their practical application. |
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Behaviorism |
The philosophy or world view underlying behavior analysis. Posits that behavior is the subject matter of our science. |
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Radical Behaviorism |
B.F. Skinner's philosophy of the science of human behavior. Most influential type of behaviorism for guiding the science and practice of behavior analysis. |
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Determinants of behavior |
Causes of behavior; probabilistic. |
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Selection |
The process in which repeated cycles occur of variation, interaction with the environment, and differential replication as a function of the interaction. |
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Natural Selection |
The environment selects which variations survive and are passed on. |
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Cultural Selection |
Cultural practices evolve as they contribute to the success of the practicing group. |
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Temporal contiguity |
The nearness of events in time. |
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Contingency |
A dependency between events. |
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Types of contingencies |
S-S contingencies (pairing), R-S contingencies, S-R-S contingencies (or the 3-term contingency) |
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Basic operation |
Direct observation, repeated measures, Graph data, manipulation, systematic evaluation, analysis and interpretation. |
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Consequential operation (+) |
Contingently present a stimulus immediately after the response. |
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Consequential operation (-) |
Contingently remove a stimulus immediately after a response. |
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Learning |
A relatively permanent change in behavior as a result of experience. |
