Aba Safmeds Unit 4

Front 1

Automatic Reinforcement*

Back 1

Reinforcement that occurs independent of the social mediation of others (scratching an itch)

Front 2

Conditioned Reinforcer*

Back 2

A stimulus change that functions as a reinforcer because of prior pairing with one or more other reinforcers

Front 3

Generalized Conditioned Reinforcer*

Back 3

A conditioned reinforcer that as a result of having been paired with many other reinforcers does not depend on an establishing operation for any particular form of reinforcement for its effectiveness

Front 4

Positive Reinforcement*

Back 4

Occurs when a behavior is followed immediately by the presentation of a stimulus that increases the future frequency of the behavior in similar conditions

Front 5

Positive Reinforcer*

Back 5

A stimulus whose presentation or onset functions as reinforcement

Front 6

Premack Principle*

Back 6

A principle that states that making the opportunity to engage in a high probability behavior contingent on the occurrence of a low frequency behavior will function as reinforcement for the low frequency behavior

Front 7

Unconditioned Reinforcer*

Back 7

A stimulus change that increases the frequency of any behavior that immediately precedes it irrespective of the organisms learning history with the stimulus

Front 8

Reinforcer Assessment

Back 8

Refers to a variety of direct, empirical methods for presenting one or more stimuli contingent on a target response and measuring their effectiveness as reinforcers

Front 9

Response-deprivation Hypothesis

Back 9

A model for predicting whether contingent access to one behavior will function as reinforcement for engaging in another behavior based on whether access to the contingent behavior represents a restriction of the activity compared to the baseline level of engagement

Front 10

Stimulus Preference Assessment

Back 10

A variety of procedures used to determine the stimuli that a person prefers, the relative preference values (high vs low) of those stimuli, the conditions under which those preference values remain in effect, and their presumed value as reinforcers

Front 11

Negative Reinforcement*

Back 11

Occurs when a behavior is followed immediately by the removal of a stimulus that increases the future frequency of the behavior

Front 12

Unconditioned Negative Reinforcer*

Back 12

A stimulus that functions as a negative reinforcer as ar esult of the evolutionary development of the species- no prior learning involved

Front 13

Avoidance Contingency

Back 13

Contingency in which a response prevents or postpones the presentation of a stimulus

Front 14

Conditioned Negative Reinforcer

Back 14

A previously neutral stimulus change that functions as a negative reinforcer because of prior pairing with one or more negative reinforcers

Front 15

Discriminated Avoidance

Back 15

A contingency in which responding in the presence of a signal prevents the onset of a stimulus from which escape is a reinforcer

Front 16

Escape Contingency

Back 16

A contingency in which a response terminates(produces escape from) an ongoing stimulus

Front 17

Guidelines for using reinforcement effectively

Back 17

*Set an easily achieved initial criterion for reinforcement
*Use high quality reinforcers
*Use varied reinforcers
*Use a direct rather than indirect reinforcement contingency
*Combine response prompts and reinforcement
*Reinforce each occurrence of the behavior initially, then gradually thin reinforcement schedules
*Use contingent praise and attention
*Gradually increase the repines to reinforcement delay
*Gradually shift from contrived to naturally occurring