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80 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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3 term contingency |
the temporal relationship between antecedent,behaviour, and consequence |
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abolishing operation |
a motivating operation that decreases the reinforcing value of a stimulus |
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antecedent |
a stimulus that occurs immediately prior to behaviour |
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automatic punishment |
punishment that occurs independent of a mediator |
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automatic reinforcement |
reinforcement that occurs independent of a mediator |
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aversive stimulus |
a noxious or unpleasant stimulus |
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avoidance |
engaging in a behaviour that delays or prevents the onset of a stimulus |
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baseline |
a condition of an experiment where the independent variable is not present |
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behaviour |
the activity of living organisms; human behaviour includes everything people do |
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behaviour checklist |
a checklist that describes specific skills and the conditions under which they should be observed |
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celeration |
the change in rate of responding over time |
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concept formation |
an example of stimulus control that requires generalization within a stimuli class and discrimination between stimuli classes |
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conditioned stimulus |
a previously neutral stimulus that elicits respondent behaviour only after being paired with an unconditioned stimulus |
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confounding variable
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an uncontrolled factor known or suspected to exert influence on the dependent variable
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consequence |
a stimulus that occurs immediately after a behaviour |
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count |
a tally of the number of occurrence of a behaviour |
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data |
measures of some quantifiable dimension of behaviour |
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dependent variable |
the variable that is measured to see if it changes as a result of manipulations of the independent variable |
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deprivation |
the state of an organism with respect to how much time has passed since it has had contact with a reinforcer |
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differential reinforcement of other behaviour (DRO) |
a procedure where reinforcement is based on the absence of problem behaviour |
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direct measurement |
when the behaviour measured is the focus of the study |
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direct replication |
an experiment which attempts to copy the exact conditions of another study |
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discriminative stimulus (SD) |
a stimulus in the presence of which a behaviour has previously been reinforced |
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double blind control |
a procedure where the learner and the observer are unaware of the presence or absence of the treatment variable |
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duration |
the total extent of time in which a behaviour occurs |
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escape |
engaging in a behaviour which provides escape from a present, ongoing stimulus |
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establishing operation |
a motivating operation that increases the reinforcing value of a stimulus |
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external validity |
the degree to which a study's findings have generality to other subject, settings and/or behaviours |
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extinction |
withholding reinforcement for a previously reinforced response to decrease the future likelihood of the response |
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extinction burst |
an increase in the frequency of responding when an extinction procedure is introduced |
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extraneous variable |
any aspect of the environment that must be held constant to prevent unplanned environmental variation |
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fixed ratio (FR) |
a schedule of reinforcement that requires a fixed number of responses for reinforcement |
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hallway time out |
a time out procedure where the child is removed from class and sent out to the hallway for a period of time if they display inappropriate behaviour |
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imitation |
a behaviour that serves as a physical model and has formal similarity with that model |
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independent variable (IV) |
the variable that is manipulated to see whether or not it produces reliable changes in the dependent variable |
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indirect measurement |
when the behaviour measured is in some way different from the behaviour of interest |
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instructional setting |
the environment where instruction occurs |
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intermittent schedule of reinforcement |
a schedule where some but not all occurrences of a response are reinforced |
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interobserver agreement (IOA) |
the degree to which 2 or more observers report the same values after observing the same events |
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interresponse time |
the time elapsed between two successive responses |
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intraverbal |
a verbal operant that is evoked by a verbal SD that is not present |
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mand |
a verbal operant evoked by motivation and followed by specific reinforcement |
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neutral stimulus |
a stimulus that does not elicit respondent behaviour |
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parsimony |
ruling out simple, logical explanations before moving on to more complex ones |
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partial interval recording |
a time sampling method where the observer records whether the target behaviour occurred at any point during an interval |
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pivotal behaviour |
a learned behaviour that produces corresponding changes in other untrained behaviours |
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planned ignoring |
a time-out procedure where social reinforcers are withheld for a brief period when the target behaviour occurs |
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postreinforcement pause |
the absence of responding for a period of time following reinforcement |
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prompt |
any supplemental stimulus used to evoke a response, and can be physical, verbal or modelled |
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punishment |
the application or removal of a stimulus based upon a response which decreases the future likelihood of the response |
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rate |
a ratio of count per observation time |
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reactivity |
effects of an observation procedure on the behaviour being measured |
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reinforcement |
the application or removal of a stimulus based on the response which increases the likelihood of the response |
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reliability |
the extent to which repeated measurement of the same event yields the same values |
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repeatability |
refers to the fact that a behaviour can occur repeatedly thru time |
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repertoire |
all of the behaviours a person can do |
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respondent behaviour |
behaviour that is elicited by an antecedent stimulus |
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response blocking |
a procedure where a therapist physically intervenes as soon as a learner starts to emit a problem behaviour to prevent it from completing |
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response class |
a group of responses with the same function |
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response cost |
the contingent loss of reinforcers producing a decrease of the frequency of behaviour
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response latency
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the elapsed time from the onset of a stimulus to to the onset of a response |
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reversal design |
an experimental design where the independent variable is withdrawn to verify the effect on responding to a level in a previous condition |
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self-management |
the personal application of behaviour change tactics that produce desired change in behaviour |
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self-monitoring |
when a person systematically observes their own behaviour and records the occurrence or non-occurrence of a target behaviour |
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stimulus |
an energy change the affects an organism through its receptor cells |
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stimulus class |
a group of stimuli that share specified common elements along formal, temporal and functional dimensions |
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stimulus delta (SΔ) |
a stimulus in the presence of which a behaviour has not been reinforced in the past |
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target behaviour |
the response class selected for intervention |
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task analysis |
the process of breaking a complex skill into smaller teachable units |
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temporal extent |
the fact that every instance of behaviour occupies some amount of time |
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temporal locus |
the fact that every instance of behaviour occurs at a certain point in time |
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terminal behaviour |
the end product of shaping |
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token economy |
a system where participants earn conditioned reinforcers as an immediate consequence for certain behaviours |
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topography |
the physical form or shape of behaviour |
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treatment integrity |
the extent to which the independent variable is applied exactly as planned and described |
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trend |
the overall direction taken by a data path used to predict future measures of behaviour |
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unconditioned stimulus |
elicits respondent behaviour without any prior learning |
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variable ratio |
a schedule of reinforcement that requires a varying number of responses for reinforcement |
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verbal behaviour |
behaviour whose reinforcement is mediated by a listener, including both vocal and nonvocal behaviour |
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visual analysis |
the visual inspection of graphed data for level, trend and variability within and between conditions |
