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31 Cards in this Set

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  • Back
Anxiety vs. fear anxiety
anxiety-central nervous systems physiological and emotional response to a vague sense of threat or danger

fear anxiety- same thing as anxiety except response to a serious threat to one well being

What are generalized biological and psychological vulnerabilities?
Biological; genetic inheritance

Psychological; beliefs that make the person vulnerable

Specific phobia

Causes: traumatic events (do they always cause phobias?)Experience frightening eventsModelingInformationBiological preparednessPresence of anxiety that the event will happen again
What is the “performance only” type of social phobia?
Social anxiety disorder
Features of cognitive-behavioral therapy
Education

Relaxation


Cognitive restructuring


Exposure

What are panic attacks
A period of intense fear that peak within minutes Include at least 4 physical symptoms
Learned alarms
cues that become associated with a number of internal and external stimuli through a learned process
emergency alarm reactions
emergency alarm reaction (unexpected panic attack) when confronted with stress-producing events
What is agoraphobia
anxiety disorder in which a person is afraid to be in public places or situation
What is anxious apprehension
verbal rumination, worry
Components of cognitive-behavioral therapy, particularly worry exposure
relaxation

cognitive restructuring


Worry exposure

Obsessions vs. compulsions
Obsessions: Obsessions are recurrent and persistent thoughts, images, or impulses. Obsessions are usually experienced as being intrusive or inappropriate; patients often describe them as being different from normal thoughts.

compulsion: Compulsions are repetitive behaviors or mental acts that are performed in an effort to control anxiety or distress or to prevent a dreaded event or situation.

What is thought-action fusion
believing that simply thinking about an action is equivalent to actually carrying out that action.
Types of problems people with compulsive hoarding experience
can't throw away clutter

Distress or impairment


Poor organization skills

Role of plastic surgery and BDD – is it effective?
Not effective because a individual with BDD will never be satisfied with there body
Possible causes of BDD
rejection, humiliation, teasing
Trichotillomania
recurrent picking of one’s own hair
excoriation
Recurrent picking causing skin damage
what is habit reversal therapy-
Self-monitoring/awareness training

Competing response training


Social support

General clinical description/defining features of the PTSD
Exposure to a traumatic event

intrusion symptoms


persistent avoidance

Risk and protective factors for developing PTSD
coping skills

social support

What are the empirically-supported therapies
Anti-depressant (SSRIs)

prolonged exposure


cognitive process therapy

Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing – what are the conclusions about its effectiveness?
Role of the eye movement is questionable
Critical incident stress debriefing – what is it and what does the research say about its effectiveness?
goal is prevention

popular, but data is poor

What is dissociation?
separation from reality, lack of integration of psychological processes
depersonalization
detachment from self/ feeling detached from oneself
derealization
detachment from reality/ thing appear to shrink
problems with hypnosis
Get lots of information, but can’t tell what is accurate

Hypnosis does not alter behavior, but changes expectations and motivations.


The more you do it, the more believable the uncovered information becomes

How to distinguish DID from malingering
Scores on personality tests

Psychophysiological measures


Willingness to share symptoms


Presence of clear secondary gain


Malingering is likely rare outside of legal settings

dissociative fugue
rare psychiatric disorder characterized by reversible amnesia for personal identity, including the memories, personality, and other identifying characteristics of individuality.
Dissociative disorders
Dissociative disorders are characterized by an involuntary escape from reality characterized by a disconnection between thoughts, identity, consciousness and memory.