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59 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Clinical Interview
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talking to your patient about what is wrong beforehand
can be informal/unstructed to formal/structed |
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Projective Measures
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ind given an ambiguous stimuli and asked to interpret
not psychometrically sound Rorschach Test Thematic Apperception Test |
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Thematic Apperception Test
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TAT
show a picture and have the client tell a story about the picture |
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Self-Report Personality Inventories
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Needs to have high internal reliability and test - retest reliability
Minnesota Multi-Phasic Personatlity Inventory (MMPI) |
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MMPI
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designed to measure people's psychodynamic states
often examine the PATTERN of responses |
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Intelligence Tests
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Binet - set out to measure "intelligence"
Stanford and Binet - Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) IQ Tests |
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5 Ways to Assess Patients
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Clinical Interviews
Psychological Tests Brain Scans Neurological Assessment Behavior Assessment |
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Brain Scans
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Electroecepalograph (EEG) - measures patterns of electrical activity
MRI, PT, CT Scans, fMRI - look at areas of the brain that are active Many psych disorders don't show up though |
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Neurological Assessment
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helps infer where brain damage is through tests
Halstead - Reitan Battery Luria - Nebraska Battery |
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Halstead - Reitan Battery
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2 subtests
Tactual Performance Test (Put shapes in holes and remember what side they were from) Aphasia Screening Test (distinguishes difference between receptive and expressive language abilities) |
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Behavioral and Cognitive Assessment
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focuses on assessing negative behaviors
through direct observation, interview, self-report, logs Physiological Assessment - biofeedback |
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Axis I
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The most serious psychological disorder
Major Depressive Disorder |
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Axis II
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Personality Disorder
Avoidant Personality Disorder |
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Axis III
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Medical conditions that cause or exacerbate
Diabetes |
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Axis IV
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psychosocial / environmental problems
Loss of Job |
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Axis V
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# relating to seriousness of symptoms
GAF scale - How well are they functioning overall in life 10 - BAD symptoms |
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Anxiety Disorders (2)
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Phobias
OCD |
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Phobias
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more commonly reported in women
somewhat "controlled" by environment |
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Social Phobias
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broad type
paranoid about social situations (speaking in public) feel evaluated / judged occurs during adolesence |
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Animal (and other simple) Phobias
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a specific object causes anxiety
very small % |
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Behavioral Treatments for OCD
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SD
thought stopping - yelling STOP at clients when they lift finger after obsessive thought rubber band technique response preventions - prevent compulsive behavior in hospital setting |
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Somatoform Disorders
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have a physical problem w/o any organic basis
Conversion Disorders Somatization Disorder |
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Conversion Disorder
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paralysis, seizures, blindness
glove anesthesia (anything that a glove may touch may be paralyzed) aphonia (lose your voice) "hysteria" avoidance / attention reinforce issue of complacency |
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Malingering
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the disorders is being faked by patient
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Somatization Disorder
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a conversion disorder but with at least 8 symptoms
visit many docs, exaggerate symptoms, long history of medical care without any cause found other anxiety issues |
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Dissociative Disorder
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Depersonalization Disorder
Dissociative Amnesia and Fugue |
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Depersonalization
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person feels disconnected with reality, depersonalized
cause is stress not "themselves" |
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Dissociative Amnesia and Fugue
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can forget periods of time during stressful situations
caused by stress, different from drug and trauma induced people can be so far removed that they lose their identity "fugue" |
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Treatment
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sounds a lot like repression
free association dream analysis separate someone from stressor (front lines) hypnosis sodium amytal |
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Psychophysiological (Psychomatic) Disorders
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REAL physical problems caused by stress
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Social REadjustment Rating Scal (SRRS)
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developed by Holmes and Rahe
gives you a # (LCU) that is related to stress level and correlates with physical problems |
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Cardiovascular Diseases
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#1 killer
hypertension Coronary Heart Disease (Angina Pectoris, Myocardial Infarction) |
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Hypertension
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silent killer, many don't even know they have high bp
can be caused by short term or long term stress (Detroit study) can lead to CHD |
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white lab coat hypertension
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elevated BP by just being in the doctor's office
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Personality component?
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Type A personality twice as likely to get a hear attack
5 times as likely to get a second might actually be type D |
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type D
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negativity, unhappy, irritated, worry, isolated
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Asthma
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Difficulty in breathing caused by allergies or pollutants
inflammation of bronchial tubes mostly male children #s on the rise |
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Wale's Study
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1/3rd of cases psycho was the dominant cause and in 1/3rd psycho was a secondary cause
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Freudian Cause of Asthma
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kids are over dependent on parents, but want to break away and in the process they "choke" on their anger
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Client - Centered Therapists would say:
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high bp is because they are not "self-actualized"
they have conditions of worth |
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Edis and Rational-Motive Behavioral
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have irrational self-statements that cause tension, high BP, asthma, etc.
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Behavioralist Treatment Approach?
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SD to reduce stress about stimulus
social skills training relaxation |
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Can you modify Type A personatlity
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somewhat, chances of 2nd heart attack were cut in half!
BUT, our culture encourages Type A |
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Mood Disorders
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depression
Mania (Bipolar Disorder) |
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Mania
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tons of energy
grandiose ideas, delusional flight of ideas - jump from topic to topic, can't focus on specific train of thought IRRITABILITY just below the surface |
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Major Depressive Disorder
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more women diagnosed
men may be more likely to turn to alchoholism/violence women may be more likely to get depressed |
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Bipolar
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much LOWER rate of incidence (1%)
earlier onset (20s) HIGH heritability Treat with Sodium Lithium |
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Hypomania
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AKA Bipolar II
mania is not quite as dramatic |
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Cyclothemiaa
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both ups and downs not quite as dramatic
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Psychoanalytic Perspectives
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anger turned inwards - grieving turns into anger at losing loved one
mania is a defense mechanism - ego overactivity |
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Humanistic
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block self-actualization
encourage person to use periods of depression as times for personal growht |
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Behavioral/Social (observational) Learngin
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reduction of positive reinforcement when you stay insided on couch
decreased social skills as a result vicious cycle learned helplessness |
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learned helplessness
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person feels no control over reinforcement
makes stable trait attributions for negative personal outcomes (I failed test b/c im stupid) |
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Attempts to reverse learned helplessness
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Rodin's nursing home study
people need to feel like they have control/worth/importance |
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Cognitive Behavioral Therapty
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work on imporoving social skills, assertiveness
and create positive schemas |
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Biochemical Influences
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role of norepinephrine and Serotonin
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suicidal ideation
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thinking about suicide
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Problems with collecting suicide data
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high dross rate (unusable data), if you hand out 300 sheets maybe only 1 or 2 will committ suicide
there may be a family/friend bias as they try to make sense of tragic issue have to focus on failed attempters |
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Correlated Variables
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hoplessness
rigid inflexible thinking impulsivity (doesn't really predict it) |
