Ab Psych Ch 10 - Gender & Sexuality

Front 1

Gender Identity

Back 1

One’s psychological sense of beingfemale or being male.

Front 2

Gender Dysphoria

Back 2

Atype of psychological disorder in which people experience significant personaldistress or impaired functioning as a result of a conflict between theiranatomic sex and their gender identity.

Front 3

Transgender Identity

Back 3

Thepsychological sense of belonging to one gender while possessing the sexualorgans of the other.

Front 4

Gender Expression

Back 4

How you express your gender from fem to masculine –w/androgynous in the middle

Front 5

Sexual Orientation

Back 5

On the spectrum from heterosexual, bi, homosexual

Front 6

Do all people with transgender identity have a diagnosable disorder?

Back 6

No. Not all people who are transgender have this.

Front 7

What is the psychodynamic perspective on GENDER DYSPHORIA?

Back 7

BOYS: extremely closemother–son relationships, empty relationships with parents, and fathers whowere absent or detached (Stoller, 1969).

GIRLS: with weak, ineffectual mothersand strong masculine fathers may overly identify with their fathers and developa psychological sense of themselves as “little men.”

Front 8

Learning theory on GENDER DYSPHORIA

Back 8

Simply, absent fathers are the cause of Gender Dysphoria with this theory.

Front 9

Biological perspective on Gender Dysphoria

Back 9

Thedevelopment of transgender identity may result from the effects of male sexualhormones on the developing brain during prenatal development

Front 10

Sexual Dysfunction

Back 10

Persistent or recurrent problems with sexual interest, arousal, or response.

Front 11

Two general classifications of sexual dysfunctions

Back 11

1. lifetime vs. acquired

2. situational vs. generalized

Front 12

3 general categories of sexual dysfunction

Back 12

1. Problems with sexual interest, desire,or arousal

2. Problems with orgasmic response

3. Problems involving pain during sexualintercourse or penetration (in women)

Front 13

malehypoactive sexual desire disorder (MHSDD)

Back 13

MEN: little, if any, desire for sexualactivity or may lack sexual or erotic thoughts or fantasies.

Front 14

femalesexual interest/arousal disorder (FSIAD)

Back 14

WOMEN: either a lack of, or greatly reducedlevel of, sexual interest, drive, or arousal.

Front 15

Erectiledisorder (ED)

Back 15

Asexual dysfunction in males characterized by difficulty in achieving ormaintaining erection during sexual activity. – Often treated by Viagra

Front 16

Female orgasmic disorder

Back 16

A type of sexual dysfunction involvingmarked delay in reaching orgasm (in women) or an infrequency or absence oforgasm.

Front 17

Delayed ejaculation

Back 17

A marked delay in reaching ejaculation(in men), or an infrequency or absence of ejaculation.

Front 18

Premature ejaculation

Back 18

A type of sexual dysfunctioncharacterized by a recurrent pattern of ejaculation occurring within about oneminute of vaginal penetration and before the man desires it (APA, 2013).

Front 19

Genito-pelvicpain/penetration disorder

Back 19

A disorder that applies to women who experience sexual pain and/or difficulty engaging in vaginal intercourse or penetration.

Front 20

Vaginismus

Back 20

A condition in which the muscles surrounding the vagina involuntarily contract whenever vaginal penetration is attempted, making sexual intercourse painful or impossible.

Front 21

Reasons for female sexual dysfunction

Back 21

1. Trauma

2. Anger/resentment

3. Guilt

4. Ineffective stimulation by partner

5. Depression/Anxiety

6. Performance Anxiety

Front 22

Reasons for male sexual dysfunction

Back 22

1. depression/anxiety

2. performance anxiety

3. relationship problems - resentments/conflicts

Front 23

Biological factors causing sexual dysfunction

Back 23

• low testosterone - in men and women

• disease

Front 24

Diseases that can cause sexual dysfunction

Back 24

• Diabetes

• Multiple Sclerosis (MS)

• Chronic kidney disease

• Hypertension

• Cancer

• Emphysema

• Cardiovascular Issues

• Obesity

Front 25

Sociocultural issues for women & sex

Back 25

Women who harbor stereotypical attitudes toward female sexuality are unlikely to become aware of their own sexual potential.

Front 26

Self-fulfilling prophesy and sex

Back 26

Sexualanxieties may transform negative expectations into self-fulfilling prophecies.

Front 27

Sociocultural issues with men and sex

Back 27

• Sexual dysfunctions in men, too, may be linked to extremely strict sociocultural beliefs and sexual taboos.

• In India, cultural beliefs that link the loss of semen to a draining of the man’s life energy underlie the development of Dhat syndrome, an irrational fear of loss of semen.

Front 28

According to most contemporary sex therapists, how can most sexual dysfunctions be treated?

Back 28

by directly modifying the couple's sexual interactions.

Front 29

Sex Therapy

Back 29

Developed by Masters and Johnson: uses cognitive-behavioral techniques ina brief therapy format to help individuals enhance their sexual competencies(sexual knowledge and skills) and relieve performance anxiety.

Front 30

Paraphilia

Back 30

Unusual or atypical patterns of sexualattraction that involve sexual arousal in response to atypical stimuli.

Front 31

Exhibitionism

Back 31

Strong and recurrent urges, fantasies,or behaviors of exposing of one’s genitals to unsuspecting individuals for thepurpose of sexual arousal. Typically, the person seeks to surprise, shock, orsexually arouse the victim.

Front 32

Fetishism

Back 32

A type of paraphilia charactertized byrecurrent, powerful sexual urges, fantasies, or behaviors involving inanimateobjects, such as an article of clothing (Kafka, 2010).

Front 33

Transvestism

Back 33

Aparaphilia (also called transvestic fetishism) in which individuals haverecurrent and powerful urges, fantasies, or behaviors related to cross-dressingand are sexually aroused by cross-dressing.

Front 34

Voyeurism

Back 34

A type of paraphilia involving strongand recurrent sexual urges, fantasies, or behaviors in which the person becomessexually aroused by watching unsuspecting people, generally strangers, who arenaked, disrobing, or engaging in sexual activity.

Front 35

Does someone with voyeurism want to be discovered?

Back 35

Peepingmay be the voyeur’s only sexual outlet - the prospects of being discovered orinjured apparently heighten their excitement.

Front 36

Frotteurism

Back 36

A type of paraphilia involvingrecurrent, powerful sexual urges, fantasies, or behaviors in which the personbecomes sexually aroused by rubbing against or touching a non-consenting person.

Also called "mashing"

Often done in crowded places.

Front 37

Pedophilia

Back 37

Atype of paraphilia involving recurrent and powerful sexual urges or fantasiesor behaviors involving sexual activity with children (typically 13 years old oryounger)

Front 38

How old do you have to be to be diagnosed with pedophilia?

Back 38

you have to be 16 and your victim has to be 5 years younger

Front 39

What percent of people reported sexual abuse before age 18?

Back 39

males - 8%

females - 20%

Front 40

Where did the name "masochism" come from?

Back 40

The name came from from the Austrian novelist RitterLeopold von Sacher Masoch (1835–1895), who wrote stories and novels about menwho sought sexual gratification from women by inflicting pain on them, often inthe form of flagellation (being beaten or whipped).

Front 41

Sexual masochism

Back 41

A type of paraphilia characterized bystrong and recurrent sexual urges, fantasies, or behaviors in which the personbecomes sexually aroused by being humiliated, bound, flogged, or made to sufferin other ways.

the masochist wants to be hurt.

Front 42

Hypoxyphilia

Back 42

A paraphilia in which a person seekssexual gratification by being deprived of oxygen by means of using a noose,plastic bag, chemical, or pressure on the chest.

Front 43

Sexual Sadism

Back 43

A type of paraphilia or sexualdeviation characterized by recurrent, powerful sexual urges, fantasies, orbehaviors in which the person becomes sexually aroused by inflicting physicalor psychological suffering or humiliation on another person.

the sadist wants to hurt someone else.

Front 44

Sadomasochism

Back 44

Refers to a practice of mutuallygratifying sexual interactions between partners involving both sadistic andmasochistic acts.

Front 45

Psychodynamic theories on paraphilias

Back 45

this theory sees many paraphilias as defenses against leftovercastration anxiety from the phallic period of psychosexual development.

Front 46

Castration Anxiety

Back 46

FREUD: the unconscious fear that the fatherwill retaliate by removing the organ that has become associated with sexualpleasure through masturbation—motivates the boy to give up his incestuousyearnings for his mother and identify with the aggressor, his father.

Front 47

Biological causes for paraphilias (men)

Back 47

higher-than-averagesex drives in men w/shorterrefractory period after orgasm by masturbation

investigatorsfind differences between paraphilic men and male control subjects in brain wavepatterns in response to paraphilic (fetishistic and sadomasochistic) images andcontrol images (nude women, genital intercourse, oral sex)

Front 48

Hypersexual arousal disorder

Back 48

heightened sex drive that may apply to some paraphilic disorders

Front 49

Biomedical therapies for paraphilic disorders

Back 49

SSRIs that treat OCD

Antiandrogens - lowering the testosterone in the bloodstream

Front 50

What percent of married women suffer from marital rape?

Back 50

10-14% reported

Front 51

4 main types of rape

Back 51

strangerrape, acquaintance rape, marital rape, and male rape (rape of men)