Aast: Pediatric Flashcards, 1St Edition (2008)

Front 1

What pattern of sleep consists of bilateral bursts of high-amplitude slow waves lasting 4 to 5 seconds alternating with periods of low-amplitude activity of similar duration?

Back 1

Trace-alternant pattern

Front 2

Name the unusual disorder, typically seen in late adolescence, which features recurrent episodes of excessive sleepiness and prolonged sleep time.

Back 2

Klein Levin Syndrome

Front 3

What is a non-invasive practical method of estimating CO2?

Back 3

Transcutaneous CO2 (PtcCO2) and End-tidal CO2 (PETCO2)

Front 4

Name an ambulatory monitoring device used to monitor body movements.

Back 4

Actigraph (actometry, accelerometry)

Front 5

Sitting up during sleep, emitting a piercing cry, and showing behavioral features of acute terror are features of what disorder?

Back 5

Sleep terrors (night terrors, pavor nocturnus, incubus attacks, "NREM nightmares")

Front 6

At what age do sleep spindles usually appear in infants?

Back 6

4-6 weeks

Front 7

At what age do K complexes usually appear in infants?

Back 7

4-6 months

Front 8

Typically, post term newborns are expected to sleep how many hours per day?

Back 8

16-18 hours

Front 9

What is the recommended age that adult criteria should be used for sleep stage scoring?

Back 9

6 months old

Front 10

What is the percentage of sleep time that post-term newborns typically spend in active sleep?

Back 10

50%

Front 11

Benign childhood epilepsy with Centro temporal spikes (BECT) is associated with what disorder?

Back 11

Rolandic Epilepsy

Front 12

A post term newborn usually enters sleep through what stage(s)?

Back 12

Either active (REM) or quiet (NREM) sleep

Front 13

Snoring, mouth breathing, sweating, paradoxical chest wall movement and unusual posturing are associated with which sleep disorder?

Back 13

Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome

Front 14

What are PSG criteria (AHI) for diagnosing obstructive sleep apnea syndrome in children?

Back 14

Mild: AHI>1 to 5/hour without O2 desaturation

Moderate: AHI 5-10/hour &/or O2 desaturation <85%

Moderate to severe: AHI>10/hour with O2 desaturation <85%

Front 15

When a SpO2 of 92 or less, on room air or a greater than or equal to 3% decrease from baseline is observed in an infant, what might be occurring?

Back 15

O2 desaturation

Front 16

What is the definition of obstructive hypopnea in infants?

Back 16

A 50% reduction in nasal pressure for 2 breaths or more; with a > 3% drop in O2 or terminated in an arousal or awakening

Front 17

Head banging, body rocking, body rolling and periodic limb movements could indicate what disorder?

Back 17

Rhythmic movement disorder

Front 18

Grimacing, sucking, twitches and jerks are commonly seen during what stage of sleep?

Back 18

Active Sleep

Front 19

The accumulation of lost sleep leading to excessive daytime sleepiness is referred to as what?

Back 19

Sleep debt

Front 20

At what age do most people report their first symptoms of narcolepsy?

Back 20

Between 15-30 years old

Front 21

What should be done to ensure the safety of a sleep walking child?

Back 21

Safety measures including locked doors and windows; reassurance and education

Front 22

Frequent bed wetting past the time when toilet training should have occurred with no periods of dryness lasting longer than two weeks is referred to as?

Back 22

Primary enuresis

Front 23

A child or adolescent who has difficulty going to sleep at the desired bed time and has trouble getting up in the morning may have what disorder?

Back 23

Delayed sleep phase syndrome

Front 24

When a child cannot fall asleep without a particular set of environmental circumstances which must be recreated each time the child awakens during the night is descriptive of which disorder?

Back 24

Sleep onset association disorder

Front 25

Sleep walking most often occurs during what time at night?

Back 25

The first few hours of sleep, when slow wave sleep is predominant

Front 26

Growth failure (failure to thrive) and obesity are both associated with what sleep disorder?

Back 26

Sleep disordered breathing

Front 27

Home cardiorespiratory monitors are best suited for infants diagnosed with what disorder?

Back 27

Central apnea

Front 28

Most normal infants between 0-4 months of age are what type of breathers?

Back 28

Obligate nasal breathers

Front 29

A normal newborn respiratory rate ranges from?

Back 29

40-60 breaths per minute

Front 30

Apparent life threatening event requiring vigorous stimulation, mouth to mouth resuscitation or CPR is referred to as what?

Back 30

ALTE

Front 31

Home cardiorespiratory monitoring is medically indicated under what circumstances?

Back 31

Infants with one or more ALTE

Siblings of 2 or more victims of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)

Infants with central hypoventilation of tracheostomy

Front 32

What are the parasomnias associated with NREM sleep?

Back 32

Confusional arousals, somnambulism (sleep walking), Sleep Terrors

Front 33

Separation anxiety peaks at what age?

Back 33

18-24 months

Front 34

What position should an infant be placed in for sleep at night or a nap?

Back 34

The back

Front 35

What appropriate personal protection equipment should be used when changing an infant's diaper?

Back 35

Gloves

Front 36

Why are nighttime fears and nightmares common in pre-school children?

Back 36

They have developed imagination and fantasy

Front 37

Inadequate enforcement of bedtime which allows the child to delay sleep which results total sleep time may be inadequate refers to what disorder?

Back 37

Limit setting sleep disorder

Front 38

Adolescents (12-18) actually get how many hours of sleep per night?

Back 38

7-7.5 hours of sleep

Front 39

In general, the habitual need for an alarm clock, or order to awaken an adolescent in the morning suggests?

Back 39

Inadequate sleep

Front 40

In addition to excessive daytime sleepiness, cataplexy, sleep paralysis and the hypnagogic hallucinations, what other symptoms of narcolepsy may be seen in children?

Back 40

Automatic behavior, lethargy, inability to concentrate, low motivation, memory loss, and disturbed nighttime sleep

Front 41

What is the maximum variance between bedtimes on school nights and non-school nights?

Back 41

1 hour

Front 42

Adenotonsillar hypertrophy, neuromuscular disease and craniofacial abnormalities often lead to what disorder?

Back 42

Obstructive Sleep Apnea in children

Front 43

Adenotonsillectomy, positive airway pressure treatment, weight loss, oral appliances, septoplasty, and jaw surgeries are possible treatment options for what disorder?

Back 43

Treatment options for pediatric OSA

Front 44

Potential consequences of untreated pediatric sleep apnea include what symptoms?

Back 44

Growth failure, learning, attention and behavioral problems and cardiovascular complications

Front 45

What percentage of 6-19 year old American children are obese?

Back 45

15%

Front 46

What is the third ranking cause of infant death between one month and one year of age?

Back 46

Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) or crib death

Front 47

Due to their rapid growth and malleable bones in the mid face area, children's CPAP masks should be re-evaluated how frequently?

Back 47

6 months

Front 48

Transcutaneous oxygen and CO2 sensor needs to be changed how frequently?

Back 48

Every 6-8 hours

Front 49

Sleep walking peaks between what ages?

Back 49

3-7 years

Front 50

What disorder may cause a child to complain of a painful or swollen jaw, morning headache, neck or shoulder pain, or sensitive teeth?

Back 50

Bruxism