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52 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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"In the early stages of shock, the body will attempt to maintain ______________; however, as shock progresses, blood circulation ________________________________." |
-Homeostasis (a balance of all systems of the body) -Slows and eventually ceases Ch. 10, pg. 381 |
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"The body is perfused via the ____________ system." |
Circulatory Ch. 10, pg. 381 |
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"Sodium bicarbonate concentrations become very ________ just as the blood is moving toward the lungs." |
High Ch. 10, pg. 382 |
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"Shock, or hypoperfusion, refers to ________________________________________" |
A state of collapse and failure of the cardiovascular system that leads to inadequate circulation Ch. 10, pg. 382 |
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"Blood flow through the capillary beds is regulated by the ______________________..." |
Capillary sphincters
Ch. 10, pg. 382 |
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"...the response of the autonomic nervous system and hormones comes within __________________." |
Seconds Ch. 10, pg. 384 |
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Three basic causes of shock |
-Pump failure -Low fluid volume -Poor vessel function Ch. 10, pg. 385 |
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"Pulmonary edema leads to impaired ventilation, which may be manifested by ______________________ and ___________________." |
-Increased respiratory rate -Abnormal lung sounds Ch. 10, pg. 385 |
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"__________________________________________ is a cardiac tamponade, also called a pericardial tamponade." |
A collection of fluid between the pericardial sac and the myocardium Ch. 10, pg. 386 |
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"Signs and symptoms of cardiac tamponade are referred to as _____________________; _______________________, ______________________, ____________________." |
-Beck's Triad -Jugular vein distention -Muffled heart sounds, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure starting to merge Ch. 10, pg. 386 |
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"A tension pneuomothorax is caused by damage to the lung tissue. This damage allows _______________ to ______________________." |
-Air normally held within the lung -Escape into the chest cavity Ch. 10, pg. 386 |
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"When the trapped air begins to shift the chest organs toward the uninjured side, a pneumothorax becomes known as a _______________________." |
Tension pneumothorax Ch. 10, pg. 386 |
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Skin signs of anaphylactic shock |
-Flushing, itching, or burning, especially over the face and upper part of the chest
-Urticaria (hives), which may spread over large areas of the body -Edema, especially, of the face, tongue, and lips -Pallor -Cyanosis Ch. 10, pg. 388 |
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Circulatory System signs of anaphylactic shock |
-Dilation of peripheral blood vessels -Increased vessel permeability -A drop in blood pressure -A weak, barely palpable pulse -Dizziness -Fainting and coma Ch. 10, pg. 388 |
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Respiratory system signs of anaphylactic shock |
-Sneezing or itching in the nasal passages -Tightness in the chest, with a persistent dry cough -Wheezing and dyspnea (difficulty breathing) -Secretions of fluid and mucus into the bronchial passages, alveoli, and lung tissue, causing coughing. -Constriction of the bronchi; difficulty drawing air into the lungs -Forced expiration, requiring exertion and accompanied by wheezing. -Cessation of breathing Ch. 10, pg. 388 |
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Signs and Symptoms of Compensated Shock |
-Agitation -Anxiety -Restlessness -Feeling of impending doom -Altered mental status -Weak, rapid (thready), or absent pulse -Pallor, with cyanosis about the lips -Shallow, rapid breathing -Air hunger (shortness of breath), especially if there is a chest injury -Nausea or vomiting -Capillary refill of longer than 2 seconds in infants and children -Marked thirst Ch. 10, pg. 389 |
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Signs and Symptoms of Decompensated Shock |
-Falling blood pressure (systolic BP of 90 mmHg or lower in an adult) -Labored or irregular breathing -Ashen, mottled, or cyanotic skin -Thready or absent peripheral pulses -Dull eyes, dilated pupils -Poor urinary output Ch. 10, pg. 389 |
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"...by the time you detect a drop in blood pressure, shock is ______________." |
Well developed Ch. 10 pg. 389 |
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"You should...expect shock if a patient has any one of the following conditions:" |
-Multiple severe fractures -Abdominal or chest injury -Spinal injury -A severe infection -A major heart attack -Anaphylaxis Ch. 10, pg. 390 |
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Definition: afterload |
The force or resistance against which the heart pumps Ch. 10, pg. 410 |
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Definition: anaphylactic shock |
Severe shock caused by an allergic reaction Ch. 10, pg. 410 |
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Definition: anaphylaxis |
An unusual or exaggerated allergic reaction to foreign protein or other substances Ch. 10, pg. 410 |
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Definition: aneruysm |
A swelling or enlargement of a part of an artery, resulting from weakening of the arterial wall Ch. 10, pg. 410 |
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Definition: autonomic nervous system |
The part of the nervous system that regulates involuntary functions, such as heart rate, blood pressure, digestion, and sweating. Ch. 10, pg. 410 |
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Definition: cardiogenic shock |
Shock caused by inadequate function of the heart, or pump failure Ch. 10, pg. 410 |
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Definition: compensated shock |
The early stage of shock, in which the body can still compensate for blood loss. Ch. 10, pg. 410 |
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Definition: cyanosis |
Bluish color of the skin resulting from poor oxygenation of the circulating blood Ch. 10, pg. 410 |
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Definition: decompensated shock |
The late stage of shock when blood pressure is falling Ch. 10, pg. 410 |
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Definition: dehydration |
Loss of water from the tissues of the body Ch. 10, pg. 410 |
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Definition: distributive shock |
A condition that occurs when there is widespread dilation of the small arterioles, small venules, or both Ch. 10, pg. 410 |
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Definition: edema |
The presence of abnormally large amounts of fluid between cells in body tissues, causing swelling of the affected area Ch. 10, pg. 410 |
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Definition: homeostasis |
A balance of all systems of the body Ch. 10, pg. 410 |
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Definition: hypothermia |
A condition in which the internal body temperature falls below 95F (35C), usually as a result of prolonged exposure to cool or freezing temperatures Ch. 10, pg. 410 |
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Definition: hypovolemic shock |
Shock caused by fluid or blood loss Ch. 10, pg. 410 |
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Definition: irreversible shock |
The final stage of shock, resulting in death Ch. 10, pg. 410 |
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Definition: myocardial contractility |
The ability of the heart to contract Ch. 10, pg. 410 |
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Definition: neurogenic shock |
Circulatory failure caused by paralysis of the nerves that control the size of the blood vessels, leading to widespread dilation; seen in patients with spinal cord injuries Ch. 10, pg. 410 |
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Definition: obstructive shock |
Shock that occurs when there is a block to blood flow in the heart or great vessels, causing an insufficient blood supply to the body's tissues Ch. 10, pg. 410 |
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Definition: perfusion |
Circulation of blood within an organ or tissue in adequate amounts to meet the cells' current needs Ch. 10, pg. 410 |
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Definition: preload |
The precontraction pressure in the heart as the volume of blood builds up Ch. 10, pg. 410 |
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Definition: psychogenic shock |
Shock caused by a sudden, temporary reduction in blood supply to the brain that causes fainting (syncope). Ch. 10, pg. 410 |
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Definition: sensitization |
Developing a sensitivity to a substance that initially caused no allergic reaction Ch. 10, pg. 410 |
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Definition: septic shock |
Shock caused by severe infection, usually a bacterial infection Ch. 10, pg. 410 |
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Definition: shock |
A condition in which the circulatory system fails to provide sufficient circulation to enable every body part to perform its function; also called hypoperfusion. Ch. 10, pg. 410 |
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Definition: sphincters |
Circular muscles that encircle and, by contracting, constrict a duct, tube, or opening. Ch. 10, pg. 410 |
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Definition: syncope |
Fainting Ch. 10, pg. 410 |
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AIA-2: Define shock |
A condition in which the circulatory system fails to provide sufficient circulation to enable every body part to perform its function; also called hypoperfusion Ch. 10, pg. 411 |
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AIA-5: The patient is having trouble breathing. What position should the patient be placed in? A: supine B: Fowler's position C: Trendelenburg's position D: Left lateral recumbent |
A: supine (according to answer key) Ch. 10, pg. 411 |
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AIA-6: Define irreversible shock |
The final stage of shock, resulting in death Ch. 10, pg. 411 |
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AIA-8: Define cardiogenic shock |
Shock caused by inadequate function of the heart, or pump failure Ch. 10, pg. 411 |
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AIA-9: Which of the following terms is used to describe a balance of all body systems? A: Hypothermia B: Autonomic nervous system C: Perfusion D: Homeostasis |
D: homeostasis Ch. 10, pg. 411 |
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AIA-10: Define perfusion |
Circulation of blood within an organ or tissue in adequate amount to meets the cells' current needs. Ch. 10, pg. 411 |
