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51 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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diuretics
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hydrochlorothiazide, furosemide, spironolactone
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diuretics type
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thiazide, loop and potassium sparing
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thiazide
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hydrochlorothiazide
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loop
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furosemide
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potassium sparing
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spironolactone
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MOA of hydrochlorothiazide
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inhibits nacl transport in distal convoluted tubule preventing sodium reabsorption
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MOA of furosemide
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inhibits na k cl exchanger in the thick ascending limb of the loop of henle
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MOA of spironolactone
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inhibits aldosterone receptor and thus aldosterone mediated increase in na pump uptake of sodium from lumin into blood
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therapeutic use of hydrochlorothiazide
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alone for mild to moderate hypertension (can lower bp 10-15) or severe hypertension when used in combination with sympathoplegic or vasodilatory agents
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therapeutic use of furosemide
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severe hypertension in combination or hypertensive emergency with acute left ventricular failure
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therapeutic use of spironolactone
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similar to thiazide but no potassium wasting, better when pt is on digoxin
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CNS acting hypertension drugs
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methyldopa, clondine, guanabenz and guanfacine
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moa methyldopa
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converted to active produts in nerves producing a2 receptor antagonist
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moa clondine, guanabenz and guanfacine
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a2 receptor antagonist
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clinical use of cns acting hypertension drugs
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mild to moderately severe hypertension
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SE methyldopa
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positive coombs test, sedation, depression
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SE clondine
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similar to methyldopa plus dry mouth
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SE guanabenz and guanfacine
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similar to the rest
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ganglionic blockers
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mecamylamine
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MOA mecamylamine
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block nicotinic receptors in autonomic ganglia thus preventing transmission
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USE of mecamylamine
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hypertensive crisis, acute aortic dissection and to induce controlled hypotension for neurosurgery
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adregenic nerve blockers
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guanethidine, guanadrel, reserpine
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moa guanethidine, guanadrel
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blocks release of norepi, replaces NE in synaptic vessicles acting as a false transmitter
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MOA reserpine
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irreversib le block of amine uptake into synaptic vessicles resulting in depletion of NT
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use of adrenergic blockers
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lower blood pressure via inhibition of NE from sympathetic nerves
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tox guanethide and guanadrel
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postural hypotension, retrograde ejaculation
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tox of reserpine
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CNS effects, GI, not to be given to pt with hx of peptic ulder
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b1 and 2
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propanolol
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b1 specific
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metaprolol, esmolol
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partial agonist
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Pin, pen ace
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racemic mixture
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carve the labia
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use of propanolol
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mild to moderate hypertension and in combo with vasodilatiors to prevent reflex tachy
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use of metoprolol
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similar to propanolol but with less lung effects
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use of esmolol
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IV hypertensive emergency with MI or unstable angina
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use of pin pen ace
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similar to propanolol but may be better in pts with depressed cardiac fx or lung disease
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use of carve the labia
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hypertension due to pheochromocytomas and hypertensive emergencies (IV labetolol)
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non selective a1 and a2 blocker and its use
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phentolamine and hypertensive emergencies with adrenergic crisises
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a1 receptor blockers and their use
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zosins and mild to moderate hypertension
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ace inhibitors
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prils
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MOA ace inhibitors
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inhibits angiotensin converting enzyme thus preventing angiotensin I from conversion ot angiotension II and also inhibits breakdown of bradykinin
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use of ace inhibitors
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hypertension with elevated renin levels or when CHF and diabetic neuropathy. (IV enapril for malignant hypertension)
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tox of ace inhibitors
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initial dose induced severe hypotension when hypovolemic. Renal failure. Hyperkalemia, not for preggos. NSAIDS may impair
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angiotensin II receptor blockers
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sartans
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arteriolar dilators
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hyalazine, minoxidil
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use of hydralazine
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severe hypertension, preclampsia/eclampsia of pregnancy
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use of minoxidil
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severe hypertension and must be used with bb to prevent reflex tachy and loop diuretics to prevent sodium and water retention
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both venule and arteriolar dilators
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fenodopam, cc blockers, sodium nitroprusside, diazoxide
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MOA and use of diazoxide
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increase K conductance preventing SM contraction, for parenteral treatment of hypertensive emergencies
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MOA and use of fenodopam
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D1 agonist and hypertensive emergencies
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MOA and use of sodium nitroprusside
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NO release and activation of guanylyl cyclase and parenteral treatment of hypertensive emergencies
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use of calcium channel blockers
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hypertensive emergencies (IV nicardipine)
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