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11 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Capitalism
An economic system in which property and the means of production are privately owned. under capitalism, the distribution of resources is largely left to exchange in the market and motivation is thought to spring from the deire for profit.
Democracy
A political system based on government by the people. In nineteenth century Europe, political democracy was organised through the gradual extension of political rights, in particular the right to vote for representatives to a governing body.
Feudalism
A system in which property is held by a tenant in return for services. Precise definitions of feudalism vary considerably and there is some debate about the extent of the feudal system in Britain. As such, some British historians decline to use the term.
Ideology
A set of ideas that for the basis of beliefs about the way politics and society should be organised.
Individualism
A set of ideas that considers the interests of the individual above all other interests such as those of the state or the wider community.
Industrialisation
The change from an economy based on agriculture and handicraft production to one organised around the mass production and distribution of goods made possible through developments in machinery and transport.
Historiography
The study of the way history is written, sometimes referred to as the history of history.
Liberalism
A political philosophy based on the rights and freedoms of the individual.
Modernity
A term used to describe the emergence of ideas about nature and the world which were used to shape new political, economic and social forms. The process of modernity is generally associated with the late eighteenth century and identified with the scientific, idustrial and political revolutions of that period.
Political economy
A set of ideas that seek to describe and explain the economy. The term is associated with eighteenth-century writers such as Adam Smith whos work An Enquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations (1776) sought to account for national wealth through considerations of production, exchange and value. In the nineteenth century, classical political economy tended to present economics as rational, subject to natural laws and, therefore, without the need for state regulation.
Secularisation
The process by which thought and action become influenced by worldly considerations such as science and reason rather than belief in God or religion.