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234 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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a cells |
Cells in the islet of langerhans that release glucagon in response to low blood sugar levels |
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Acetylcholine |
A neurotransmitter found in cholinergic synapses |
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Acetylcholinesterase |
An enzyme in the synaptic cleft that breaks down the transmitter substance acetylcholine |
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Actin |
A protein found in muscle cells. It is the main component of the thin filaments |
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Action potential |
A brief reversal of the resting potential across the cell surface membrane of a neurone. All action potentials have a value of +40mv |
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Adenyl cyclase |
The enzyme found inside cells, associated with hormone receptors, that converts ATP to cAMP |
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Afferent |
Incoming or leading towards |
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Allele |
An alternative version of a gene |
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All or nothing |
Refers to the fact that a neurone either conducts an action potential or it does not |
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Allotransplantation |
Transplantation of organs between individuals of the same species. E.g. Transplantation of a human heart into another human |
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Allotransplantation |
Transplantation of organs between individuals of the same species. E.g. Transplantation of a human heart into another human |
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Amplification (DNA) |
The making of multiple copies of the same short section of DNA. The process of PCR is used in automatic amplification of DNA sections |
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Allotransplantation |
Transplantation of organs between individuals of the same species. E.g. Transplantation of a human heart into another human |
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Asepsis |
Lack of contamination by foreign, unwanted microorganisms |
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Association area |
A region of the cerebral cortex where the information in the form of impulses from sensory areas is made sense of by comparison with previous experience |
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ATP |
Molecule (nucleotide derivative) found in all living cells and involved in energy transfer. When it is hydrolysed energy is released |
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ATP synthase |
Enzyme associated with stalked particles in mitochondria and chloroplasts. It catalyses the joining of ADP and inorganic phosphate to make ATP |
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Amplification (DNA) |
The making of multiple copies of the same short section of DNA. The process of PCR is used in automatic amplification of DNA sections |
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Anabolic steroids |
Drugs that mimic the action of steroid hormones and increase muscle growth |
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Anabolism |
Type of metabolism:biochemical reactions that synthesise large molecules from smaller molecules. This requires energy/ATP |
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Antagonistic |
Working against each other in a pair |
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Annealing |
The term used to describe hydrogen bond formation between complementary base pairs when sections of single stranded DNA or RNA join together. Annealing is seen when complementary sticky ends join and where DNA probes attach to a complementary DNA section |
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Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) |
The hormone made in the hypothalamus and released from the pituitary gland that acts on the collecting ducts in the kidneys to increase the reabsorption of water into the blood |
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Apical dominance |
The growing apical bud at the top of the shoot inhibits growth of lateral buds further down the shoot |
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Apoptosis |
Programmed cell death. An orderly process by which cells die after they have undergone the maximum number of divisions |
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Ascending limb |
The limb of the loop of Henle that carries fluid from the medulla towards the cortex of the kidney |
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Autonomic nervous system |
The system of motor neurones that controls the non-conscious actions of the body. The autonomic system controls the actions of involuntary muscles and glands |
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Autonomic nervous system |
The system of motor neurones that controls the non-conscious actions of the body. The autonomic system controls the actions of involuntary muscles and glands |
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Autotroph |
Organism that makes its own food using simple inorganic molecules, such as carbon dioxide and water, and energy. Photoautotrophs (plants, some protoctists and some bacteria) use light as the source of energy. Chemoautotrophs (some bacteria) use chemical energy |
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Autonomic nervous system |
The system of motor neurones that controls the non-conscious actions of the body. The autonomic system controls the actions of involuntary muscles and glands |
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Autotroph |
Organism that makes its own food using simple inorganic molecules, such as carbon dioxide and water, and energy. Photoautotrophs (plants, some protoctists and some bacteria) use light as the source of energy. Chemoautotrophs (some bacteria) use chemical energy |
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b cells |
Cells in the islets of langerhans that release insulin in response to high blood glucose levels |
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Autonomic nervous system |
The system of motor neurones that controls the non-conscious actions of the body. The autonomic system controls the actions of involuntary muscles and glands |
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Autotroph |
Organism that makes its own food using simple inorganic molecules, such as carbon dioxide and water, and energy. Photoautotrophs (plants, some protoctists and some bacteria) use light as the source of energy. Chemoautotrophs (some bacteria) use chemical energy |
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b cells |
Cells in the islets of langerhans that release insulin in response to high blood glucose levels |
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Basement membrane |
A layer of connective tissue-mostly collagen-that holds an epithelium in place |
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Batch culture |
A culture of microorganisms that takes place in a single fermentation. Products are separated from the mixture at the end of the fermentation process |
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Autonomic nervous system |
The system of motor neurones that controls the non-conscious actions of the body. The autonomic system controls the actions of involuntary muscles and glands |
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Autotroph |
Organism that makes its own food using simple inorganic molecules, such as carbon dioxide and water, and energy. Photoautotrophs (plants, some protoctists and some bacteria) use light as the source of energy. Chemoautotrophs (some bacteria) use chemical energy |
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b cells |
Cells in the islets of langerhans that release insulin in response to high blood glucose levels |
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Basement membrane |
A layer of connective tissue-mostly collagen-that holds an epithelium in place |
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Batch culture |
A culture of microorganisms that takes place in a single fermentation. Products are separated from the mixture at the end of the fermentation process |
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Billirubin |
One of the waste products produced from breaking down haemoglobin |
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Autonomic nervous system |
The system of motor neurones that controls the non-conscious actions of the body. The autonomic system controls the actions of involuntary muscles and glands |
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Autotroph |
Organism that makes its own food using simple inorganic molecules, such as carbon dioxide and water, and energy. Photoautotrophs (plants, some protoctists and some bacteria) use light as the source of energy. Chemoautotrophs (some bacteria) use chemical energy |
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b cells |
Cells in the islets of langerhans that release insulin in response to high blood glucose levels |
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Basement membrane |
A layer of connective tissue-mostly collagen-that holds an epithelium in place |
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Batch culture |
A culture of microorganisms that takes place in a single fermentation. Products are separated from the mixture at the end of the fermentation process |
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Billirubin |
One of the waste products produced from breaking down haemoglobin |
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Biodiversity |
The number and variety of living things to be found in the world, an ecosystem or habitat. |
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Biofortified |
Any food substance in which a particular valuable nutrient is higher than usual levels. Golden rice is Biofortified with the accumulation of vitamin A |
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Biotechnology |
Use of microorganisms or biochemical reactions to generate useful products |
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Bowman's capsule |
The cup shaped end of a nephron tubule |
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Bowman's capsule |
The cup shaped end of a nephron tubule |
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Callus |
A mass of undifferentiated plant cells formed by meristem tissue extracted from the plant and grown in tissue culture |
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Bowman's capsule |
The cup shaped end of a nephron tubule |
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Callus |
A mass of undifferentiated plant cells formed by meristem tissue extracted from the plant and grown in tissue culture |
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Cardiovascular centre |
Region in the medulla oblongata of the brain that controls heart rate |
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Bowman's capsule |
The cup shaped end of a nephron tubule |
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Callus |
A mass of undifferentiated plant cells formed by meristem tissue extracted from the plant and grown in tissue culture |
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Cardiovascular centre |
Region in the medulla oblongata of the brain that controls heart rate |
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Carrying capacity |
The maximum population size that can be maintained over a period of time in a particular habitat |
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Bowman's capsule |
The cup shaped end of a nephron tubule |
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Callus |
A mass of undifferentiated plant cells formed by meristem tissue extracted from the plant and grown in tissue culture |
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Cardiovascular centre |
Region in the medulla oblongata of the brain that controls heart rate |
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Carrying capacity |
The maximum population size that can be maintained over a period of time in a particular habitat |
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Catabolism |
Type of metabolism: biochemical reactions that produce small molecule by hydrolysis of larger molecules |
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Bowman's capsule |
The cup shaped end of a nephron tubule |
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Callus |
A mass of undifferentiated plant cells formed by meristem tissue extracted from the plant and grown in tissue culture |
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Cardiovascular centre |
Region in the medulla oblongata of the brain that controls heart rate |
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Carrying capacity |
The maximum population size that can be maintained over a period of time in a particular habitat |
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Catabolism |
Type of metabolism: biochemical reactions that produce small molecule by hydrolysis of larger molecules |
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Cell metabolism |
The result of all the chemical reactions taking place in the cell cytoplasm |
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Bowman's capsule |
The cup shaped end of a nephron tubule |
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Callus |
A mass of undifferentiated plant cells formed by meristem tissue extracted from the plant and grown in tissue culture |
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Cardiovascular centre |
Region in the medulla oblongata of the brain that controls heart rate |
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Carrying capacity |
The maximum population size that can be maintained over a period of time in a particular habitat |
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Catabolism |
Type of metabolism: biochemical reactions that produce small molecule by hydrolysis of larger molecules |
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Cell metabolism |
The result of all the chemical reactions taking place in the cell cytoplasm |
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Central nervous system |
The brain and spinal cord. It has overall control over the coordination of the nervous system |
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Bowman's capsule |
The cup shaped end of a nephron tubule |
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Callus |
A mass of undifferentiated plant cells formed by meristem tissue extracted from the plant and grown in tissue culture |
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Cardiovascular centre |
Region in the medulla oblongata of the brain that controls heart rate |
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Carrying capacity |
The maximum population size that can be maintained over a period of time in a particular habitat |
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Catabolism |
Type of metabolism: biochemical reactions that produce small molecule by hydrolysis of larger molecules |
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Cell metabolism |
The result of all the chemical reactions taking place in the cell cytoplasm |
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Central nervous system |
The brain and spinal cord. It has overall control over the coordination of the nervous system |
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Chemiosmosis |
The flow of hydrogen ions (protons) through ATP synthase enzymes. The force of this flow allows the production of ATP. Occurs across the thylakoid membranes during the light dependent stage of photosynthesis. Also occurs across the inner mitochondrial membrane during oxidative phosphorylation (in respiration) |
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Bowman's capsule |
The cup shaped end of a nephron tubule |
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Callus |
A mass of undifferentiated plant cells formed by meristem tissue extracted from the plant and grown in tissue culture |
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Cardiovascular centre |
Region in the medulla oblongata of the brain that controls heart rate |
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Carrying capacity |
The maximum population size that can be maintained over a period of time in a particular habitat |
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Catabolism |
Type of metabolism: biochemical reactions that produce small molecule by hydrolysis of larger molecules |
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Cell metabolism |
The result of all the chemical reactions taking place in the cell cytoplasm |
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Central nervous system |
The brain and spinal cord. It has overall control over the coordination of the nervous system |
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Chemiosmosis |
The flow of hydrogen ions (protons) through ATP synthase enzymes. The force of this flow allows the production of ATP. Occurs across the thylakoid membranes during the light dependent stage of photosynthesis. Also occurs across the inner mitochondrial membrane during oxidative phosphorylation (in respiration) |
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Chiasmata (sing.chiasma) |
The points where non sister chromatids within a bivalent join, where they cross over |
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Bowman's capsule |
The cup shaped end of a nephron tubule |
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Callus |
A mass of undifferentiated plant cells formed by meristem tissue extracted from the plant and grown in tissue culture |
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Cardiovascular centre |
Region in the medulla oblongata of the brain that controls heart rate |
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Carrying capacity |
The maximum population size that can be maintained over a period of time in a particular habitat |
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Catabolism |
Type of metabolism: biochemical reactions that produce small molecule by hydrolysis of larger molecules |
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Cell metabolism |
The result of all the chemical reactions taking place in the cell cytoplasm |
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Central nervous system |
The brain and spinal cord. It has overall control over the coordination of the nervous system |
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Chemiosmosis |
The flow of hydrogen ions (protons) through ATP synthase enzymes. The force of this flow allows the production of ATP. Occurs across the thylakoid membranes during the light dependent stage of photosynthesis. Also occurs across the inner mitochondrial membrane during oxidative phosphorylation (in respiration) |
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Chiasmata (sing.chiasma) |
The points where non sister chromatids within a bivalent join, where they cross over |
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Chi-squared test |
Statistical test that can be carried out on data that are in categories. It enables the investigator to determine how closely an observed set of data corresponds to the expected data |
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Bowman's capsule |
The cup shaped end of a nephron tubule |
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Chloroplasts |
Organelles, in plant and some protoctist cells, where photosynthesis occurs |
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Callus |
A mass of undifferentiated plant cells formed by meristem tissue extracted from the plant and grown in tissue culture |
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Cardiovascular centre |
Region in the medulla oblongata of the brain that controls heart rate |
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Carrying capacity |
The maximum population size that can be maintained over a period of time in a particular habitat |
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Catabolism |
Type of metabolism: biochemical reactions that produce small molecule by hydrolysis of larger molecules |
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Cell metabolism |
The result of all the chemical reactions taking place in the cell cytoplasm |
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Central nervous system |
The brain and spinal cord. It has overall control over the coordination of the nervous system |
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Chemiosmosis |
The flow of hydrogen ions (protons) through ATP synthase enzymes. The force of this flow allows the production of ATP. Occurs across the thylakoid membranes during the light dependent stage of photosynthesis. Also occurs across the inner mitochondrial membrane during oxidative phosphorylation (in respiration) |
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Chiasmata (sing.chiasma) |
The points where non sister chromatids within a bivalent join, where they cross over |
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Chi-squared test |
Statistical test that can be carried out on data that are in categories. It enables the investigator to determine how closely an observed set of data corresponds to the expected data |
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Bowman's capsule |
The cup shaped end of a nephron tubule |
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Chloroplasts |
Organelles, in plant and some protoctist cells, where photosynthesis occurs |
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Cholinergic synapse |
A junction between neurones that uses acetylcholine as the neurotransmitter |
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Callus |
A mass of undifferentiated plant cells formed by meristem tissue extracted from the plant and grown in tissue culture |
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Cardiovascular centre |
Region in the medulla oblongata of the brain that controls heart rate |
|
|
Carrying capacity |
The maximum population size that can be maintained over a period of time in a particular habitat |
|
|
Catabolism |
Type of metabolism: biochemical reactions that produce small molecule by hydrolysis of larger molecules |
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|
Cell metabolism |
The result of all the chemical reactions taking place in the cell cytoplasm |
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|
Central nervous system |
The brain and spinal cord. It has overall control over the coordination of the nervous system |
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|
Chemiosmosis |
The flow of hydrogen ions (protons) through ATP synthase enzymes. The force of this flow allows the production of ATP. Occurs across the thylakoid membranes during the light dependent stage of photosynthesis. Also occurs across the inner mitochondrial membrane during oxidative phosphorylation (in respiration) |
|
|
Chiasmata (sing.chiasma) |
The points where non sister chromatids within a bivalent join, where they cross over |
|
|
Chi-squared test |
Statistical test that can be carried out on data that are in categories. It enables the investigator to determine how closely an observed set of data corresponds to the expected data |
|
|
Bowman's capsule |
The cup shaped end of a nephron tubule |
|
|
Chloroplasts |
Organelles, in plant and some protoctist cells, where photosynthesis occurs |
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Cholinergic synapse |
A junction between neurones that uses acetylcholine as the neurotransmitter |
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Chorionic gonadotropin |
A hormone released by the cells of an embryo |
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Callus |
A mass of undifferentiated plant cells formed by meristem tissue extracted from the plant and grown in tissue culture |
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Cardiovascular centre |
Region in the medulla oblongata of the brain that controls heart rate |
|
|
Carrying capacity |
The maximum population size that can be maintained over a period of time in a particular habitat |
|
|
Catabolism |
Type of metabolism: biochemical reactions that produce small molecule by hydrolysis of larger molecules |
|
|
Cell metabolism |
The result of all the chemical reactions taking place in the cell cytoplasm |
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|
Central nervous system |
The brain and spinal cord. It has overall control over the coordination of the nervous system |
|
|
Chemiosmosis |
The flow of hydrogen ions (protons) through ATP synthase enzymes. The force of this flow allows the production of ATP. Occurs across the thylakoid membranes during the light dependent stage of photosynthesis. Also occurs across the inner mitochondrial membrane during oxidative phosphorylation (in respiration) |
|
|
Chiasmata (sing.chiasma) |
The points where non sister chromatids within a bivalent join, where they cross over |
|
|
Chi-squared test |
Statistical test that can be carried out on data that are in categories. It enables the investigator to determine how closely an observed set of data corresponds to the expected data |
|
|
Bowman's capsule |
The cup shaped end of a nephron tubule |
|
|
Chloroplasts |
Organelles, in plant and some protoctist cells, where photosynthesis occurs |
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Cholinergic synapse |
A junction between neurones that uses acetylcholine as the neurotransmitter |
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Chorionic gonadotropin |
A hormone released by the cells of an embryo |
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Chromatogram |
A chart produced when substances are separated by movement of a solvent along a permeable material such as paper or gel |
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Callus |
A mass of undifferentiated plant cells formed by meristem tissue extracted from the plant and grown in tissue culture |
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Cardiovascular centre |
Region in the medulla oblongata of the brain that controls heart rate |
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Carrying capacity |
The maximum population size that can be maintained over a period of time in a particular habitat |
|
|
Catabolism |
Type of metabolism: biochemical reactions that produce small molecule by hydrolysis of larger molecules |
|
|
Cell metabolism |
The result of all the chemical reactions taking place in the cell cytoplasm |
|
|
Central nervous system |
The brain and spinal cord. It has overall control over the coordination of the nervous system |
|
|
Chemiosmosis |
The flow of hydrogen ions (protons) through ATP synthase enzymes. The force of this flow allows the production of ATP. Occurs across the thylakoid membranes during the light dependent stage of photosynthesis. Also occurs across the inner mitochondrial membrane during oxidative phosphorylation (in respiration) |
|
|
Chiasmata (sing.chiasma) |
The points where non sister chromatids within a bivalent join, where they cross over |
|
|
Chi-squared test |
Statistical test that can be carried out on data that are in categories. It enables the investigator to determine how closely an observed set of data corresponds to the expected data |
|
|
Bowman's capsule |
The cup shaped end of a nephron tubule |
|
|
Chloroplasts |
Organelles, in plant and some protoctist cells, where photosynthesis occurs |
|
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Cholinergic synapse |
A junction between neurones that uses acetylcholine as the neurotransmitter |
|
|
Chorionic gonadotropin |
A hormone released by the cells of an embryo |
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Chromatogram |
A chart produced when substances are separated by movement of a solvent along a permeable material such as paper or gel |
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Chromosome mutation |
Random change to the structure of a chromosome. There are different types: inversion ( a section of chromosome turns through 180 degrees); deletion (a part is lost); translocation (a piece of one chromosome becomes attached to another); non disjunction (homologous chromosomes fail to separate properly at meiosis 1 or chromatids fail to separate properly at meiosis 2; if this happens to a whole set of chromosomes, polyploidy results). The shuffling of alleles in prophase 1 is not an example of mutation |
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Callus |
A mass of undifferentiated plant cells formed by meristem tissue extracted from the plant and grown in tissue culture |
|
|
Cardiovascular centre |
Region in the medulla oblongata of the brain that controls heart rate |
|
|
Carrying capacity |
The maximum population size that can be maintained over a period of time in a particular habitat |
|
|
Catabolism |
Type of metabolism: biochemical reactions that produce small molecule by hydrolysis of larger molecules |
|
|
Cell metabolism |
The result of all the chemical reactions taking place in the cell cytoplasm |
|
|
Central nervous system |
The brain and spinal cord. It has overall control over the coordination of the nervous system |
|
|
Chemiosmosis |
The flow of hydrogen ions (protons) through ATP synthase enzymes. The force of this flow allows the production of ATP. Occurs across the thylakoid membranes during the light dependent stage of photosynthesis. Also occurs across the inner mitochondrial membrane during oxidative phosphorylation (in respiration) |
|
|
Chiasmata (sing.chiasma) |
The points where non sister chromatids within a bivalent join, where they cross over |
|
|
Chi-squared test |
Statistical test that can be carried out on data that are in categories. It enables the investigator to determine how closely an observed set of data corresponds to the expected data |
|
|
Bowman's capsule |
The cup shaped end of a nephron tubule |
|
|
Chloroplasts |
Organelles, in plant and some protoctist cells, where photosynthesis occurs |
|
|
Cholinergic synapse |
A junction between neurones that uses acetylcholine as the neurotransmitter |
|
|
Chorionic gonadotropin |
A hormone released by the cells of an embryo |
|
|
Chromatogram |
A chart produced when substances are separated by movement of a solvent along a permeable material such as paper or gel |
|
|
Chromosome mutation |
Random change to the structure of a chromosome. There are different types: inversion ( a section of chromosome turns through 180 degrees); deletion (a part is lost); translocation (a piece of one chromosome becomes attached to another); non disjunction (homologous chromosomes fail to separate properly at meiosis 1 or chromatids fail to separate properly at meiosis 2; if this happens to a whole set of chromosomes, polyploidy results). The shuffling of alleles in prophase 1 is not an example of mutation |
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Clade |
A monophlyletic taxonomic group; that is, a single ancestor and all its descendants |
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Callus |
A mass of undifferentiated plant cells formed by meristem tissue extracted from the plant and grown in tissue culture |
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|
Cardiovascular centre |
Region in the medulla oblongata of the brain that controls heart rate |
|
|
Carrying capacity |
The maximum population size that can be maintained over a period of time in a particular habitat |
|
|
Catabolism |
Type of metabolism: biochemical reactions that produce small molecule by hydrolysis of larger molecules |
|
|
Cell metabolism |
The result of all the chemical reactions taking place in the cell cytoplasm |
|
|
Central nervous system |
The brain and spinal cord. It has overall control over the coordination of the nervous system |
|
|
Chemiosmosis |
The flow of hydrogen ions (protons) through ATP synthase enzymes. The force of this flow allows the production of ATP. Occurs across the thylakoid membranes during the light dependent stage of photosynthesis. Also occurs across the inner mitochondrial membrane during oxidative phosphorylation (in respiration) |
|
|
Chiasmata (sing.chiasma) |
The points where non sister chromatids within a bivalent join, where they cross over |
|
|
Chi-squared test |
Statistical test that can be carried out on data that are in categories. It enables the investigator to determine how closely an observed set of data corresponds to the expected data |
|
|
Cladisitcs |
A method of classifying living organisms based on their evolutionary ancestry |
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Cladisitcs |
A method of classifying living organisms based on their evolutionary ancestry |
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Classical conditioning |
A form of learning in which two unrelated stimuli are applied to an animal, one a 'normal response' (e.g. salivation in the presence of food) another unrelated (e.g. the ringing of a bell). After repeated exposure to both stimuli together the animal will eventually respond with the normal response to the unrelated stimulus |
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Cladisitcs |
A method of classifying living organisms based on their evolutionary ancestry |
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Classical conditioning |
A form of learning in which two unrelated stimuli are applied to an animal, one a 'normal response' (e.g. salivation in the presence of food) another unrelated (e.g. the ringing of a bell). After repeated exposure to both stimuli together the animal will eventually respond with the normal response to the unrelated stimulus |
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Closed culture |
A culture of microorganisms set up in a reaction vessel and then allowed to grow without the addition of nutrients or the removal of products or wastes |
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Cladisitcs |
A method of classifying living organisms based on their evolutionary ancestry |
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Classical conditioning |
A form of learning in which two unrelated stimuli are applied to an animal, one a 'normal response' (e.g. salivation in the presence of food) another unrelated (e.g. the ringing of a bell). After repeated exposure to both stimuli together the animal will eventually respond with the normal response to the unrelated stimulus |
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Closed culture |
A culture of microorganisms set up in a reaction vessel and then allowed to grow without the addition of nutrients or the removal of products or wastes |
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Codominant |
A characteristic where both alleles contribute to the phenotype |
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Cladisitcs |
A method of classifying living organisms based on their evolutionary ancestry |
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Classical conditioning |
A form of learning in which two unrelated stimuli are applied to an animal, one a 'normal response' (e.g. salivation in the presence of food) another unrelated (e.g. the ringing of a bell). After repeated exposure to both stimuli together the animal will eventually respond with the normal response to the unrelated stimulus |
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Closed culture |
A culture of microorganisms set up in a reaction vessel and then allowed to grow without the addition of nutrients or the removal of products or wastes |
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Codominant |
A characteristic where both alleles contribute to the phenotype |
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Coenzymes |
Molecules that help enzymes carry out oxidation or reduction reaction. They work like shuttles, carrying atoms or molecules from one enzyme controlled reaction to another. In respiration, many coenzymes are concerned with removing hydrogen atoms from substrates |
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Cladisitcs |
A method of classifying living organisms based on their evolutionary ancestry |
|
|
Classical conditioning |
A form of learning in which two unrelated stimuli are applied to an animal, one a 'normal response' (e.g. salivation in the presence of food) another unrelated (e.g. the ringing of a bell). After repeated exposure to both stimuli together the animal will eventually respond with the normal response to the unrelated stimulus |
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Closed culture |
A culture of microorganisms set up in a reaction vessel and then allowed to grow without the addition of nutrients or the removal of products or wastes |
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Codominant |
A characteristic where both alleles contribute to the phenotype |
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Coenzymes |
Molecules that help enzymes carry out oxidation or reduction reaction. They work like shuttles, carrying atoms or molecules from one enzyme controlled reaction to another. In respiration, many coenzymes are concerned with removing hydrogen atoms from substrates |
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Comminity |
All the populations of different species that live in the same place at the same time, and who can interact with each other |
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Cladisitcs |
A method of classifying living organisms based on their evolutionary ancestry |
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|
Classical conditioning |
A form of learning in which two unrelated stimuli are applied to an animal, one a 'normal response' (e.g. salivation in the presence of food) another unrelated (e.g. the ringing of a bell). After repeated exposure to both stimuli together the animal will eventually respond with the normal response to the unrelated stimulus |
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Closed culture |
A culture of microorganisms set up in a reaction vessel and then allowed to grow without the addition of nutrients or the removal of products or wastes |
|
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Codominant |
A characteristic where both alleles contribute to the phenotype |
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Coenzymes |
Molecules that help enzymes carry out oxidation or reduction reaction. They work like shuttles, carrying atoms or molecules from one enzyme controlled reaction to another. In respiration, many coenzymes are concerned with removing hydrogen atoms from substrates |
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Comminity |
All the populations of different species that live in the same place at the same time, and who can interact with each other |
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Comparative genome mapping |
The comparison of DNA sequences coding for the production of proteins/polypeptides and regulatory sequences in the genomes of different organisms of different species. Comparisons include the search for sequences that make some organisms pathogenic whilst related organisms are not |
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Cladisitcs |
A method of classifying living organisms based on their evolutionary ancestry |
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Classical conditioning |
A form of learning in which two unrelated stimuli are applied to an animal, one a 'normal response' (e.g. salivation in the presence of food) another unrelated (e.g. the ringing of a bell). After repeated exposure to both stimuli together the animal will eventually respond with the normal response to the unrelated stimulus |
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Closed culture |
A culture of microorganisms set up in a reaction vessel and then allowed to grow without the addition of nutrients or the removal of products or wastes |
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Codominant |
A characteristic where both alleles contribute to the phenotype |
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Coenzymes |
Molecules that help enzymes carry out oxidation or reduction reaction. They work like shuttles, carrying atoms or molecules from one enzyme controlled reaction to another. In respiration, many coenzymes are concerned with removing hydrogen atoms from substrates |
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Comminity |
All the populations of different species that live in the same place at the same time, and who can interact with each other |
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Comparative genome mapping |
The comparison of DNA sequences coding for the production of proteins/polypeptides and regulatory sequences in the genomes of different organisms of different species. Comparisons include the search for sequences that make some organisms pathogenic whilst related organisms are not |
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Competition |
A struggle between individuals for resources (like food or water) that are not present in amounts adequate to satisfy the needs of all the individuals who depend on those resources |
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Complementary genes |
Genes that interact together to govern the expression of a single characteristic |
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Complementary genes |
Genes that interact together to govern the expression of a single characteristic |
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Conjugation (in bacteria) |
Bacterial cells can join together and pass plasmid DNA from one bacterial cell to another. This process can take place between bacteria of different species and is of concern in terms of passing plasmid located genes for antibiotic resistance |
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Complementary genes |
Genes that interact together to govern the expression of a single characteristic |
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Conjugation (in bacteria) |
Bacterial cells can join together and pass plasmid DNA from one bacterial cell to another. This process can take place between bacteria of different species and is of concern in terms of passing plasmid located genes for antibiotic resistance |
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Conservation |
Maintenance of biodiversity, including diversity between species , genetic diversity within species, and maintenance of a variety of habitats and ecosystems |
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Complementary genes |
Genes that interact together to govern the expression of a single characteristic |
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Conjugation (in bacteria) |
Bacterial cells can join together and pass plasmid DNA from one bacterial cell to another. This process can take place between bacteria of different species and is of concern in terms of passing plasmid located genes for antibiotic resistance |
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Conservation |
Maintenance of biodiversity, including diversity between species , genetic diversity within species, and maintenance of a variety of habitats and ecosystems |
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Consumers |
Living organisms that feed on other living organisms |
