A - S1 Cardiovascular Pharmacology Imsa

Front 1

extremely short acting agent (15 - 20 sec) administered IV for the control of atrioventricular (AV) nodal arrythmias

Back 1

adenosine

Front 2

moa:
-interact with specific G-protien coupled receptors
-inc K current in atria, sinus and AV node
-shorten AP duration
-hyperpolarization and slowing of normal automaticy

Back 2

adenosine

Front 3

used for tx of acute termination of re-entrant supraventicular tachycardia

Back 3

adenosine

Front 4

se: flushing and hypotension, which are short lived and do not limit use of agent

Back 4

adenosine

Front 5

long acting class III antiarrhythmic associated with pulmonary fibrosis, thyroid dysfunction and corneal micro deposits

Back 5

amiodarone

Front 6

anti-arrhythmic?
-used to tx ventricular tachycardia or fibrallation
-a structural analog of thyroid hormones
-ae: prolong PR, QT and QRS interval

-safe for afib and hf

-exerts non-competitive adrenergic block effect, blocks Na channels

Back 6

amidarone , class II anti-arrhythmic, K channel blocker

Front 7

used for the txmt of congestive hf, this agent contains TWO isomers, one with non-selective B blocking and one with a1 blocking activity

Back 7

carvedilol

Front 8

moa: inhibits oxygen radical mediated lipid peroxidation and reduce smooth muscle mitogenisis

-dec mortality

Back 8

carvediolol

Front 9

bile acid binding resins used in teh management of hyperlipidemia

Back 9

cholestyramine
colestipol
colesevelam

Front 10

prevent enterohepatic recycling thus diverting hepatic efforts to renewing bile acids instead of producing plasma lipids

Back 10

cholestyramine
colestipol
colesevelam

Front 11

these agents fxn to slow conduction velocity by slowing the rate and rise of action potential

Back 11

Class IA antiarrhythmics
-quinidine
-procainamide
-dispramide

Front 12

most common cardiac complication of
Class IA antiarrhythmics
-quinidine
-procainamide
-dispramide

Back 12

prolonged QT interval

Front 13

induces alpha adrenergic receptor block and vagal inhibitin

-given IV

ae: hypotension and sinus tachycardia

Back 13

quinidine

Front 14

ae of both quinidine and procainamide

Back 14

lupus like syndrome

Front 15

class of antiarrythmics which help maintain SA node rhythem after cardioconverstion for atrial fibrilation and may cause torsade de pointes arrhythmias (associated with diarrhear induced hypokalemia)

Back 15

Class IA antiarrhythmics
-quinidine
-procainamide
-dispramide

Front 16

fxn to dec the action potential duration by shorting the repolarization phase

Back 16

class IB antiarrhythmics
-lidocane
-mexiletine
-tocainide
-phenytoin

Front 17

2 oral antiarrhythmics with ae of fatal bone marrow aplasia and pulmonary fibrosis

Back 17

mexiletine and tocainide

Front 18

IV antiarrhythmic with toxicity of nystagmus, tremors, dysarthria and altered mental status

Back 18

lidocaine toxicity

Front 19

renally excreted class IB antiarrhythmic that can cause fatal bone marrow aplasia and pulmonary fibrosis

Back 19

tocainide

Front 20

group of antiarrhythmics used to tx ventricular arrhythmias associated with MI as well as digitoxin-induced arrhythmias

Back 20

class IB antiarrhythmics
-lidocane
-mexiletine
-tocainide
-phenytoin

Front 21

used for tx of refractory ventricular arrhythmias, as well as for rapid atrial arrhythmias associated with Wolf-parkinson-White syndrome

Back 21

Class IC antiarrrhythmics
-felcainide
-propaffenone

Front 22

antiarrhythmic that blocks Na, K, and Ca channels and prolongs PR, QRS, and QT intervals

Back 22

class IC - flecainide

Front 23

antiarrhythmic that blocks Na and K

-approved for maintainance of sinus rhythem in pt with supravetricular arrhythmias

Back 23

class IC propafenone

Front 24

function to slow conduction velocity in atrial and ventricular cells but do not affect teh action potential

-typically used as last resort , as their use is associated with drug induced arrhythmias

-can kill people with structural heart disase such as heart failure

Back 24

Class IC antiarrrhythmics
-felcainide
-propaffenone

Front 25

these agents dec teh automaticity of the pacemaker tissue of the heart, resulting in prolonged AV conduction and slower HR

Back 25

class II antiarrhythmics
-propranolol
-esmolol
-carvediol
-metoprolol
-bisoprolol

Front 26

moa: reduce magnitude of Ca and K current therefore, dec hr and inc AV conduction

ae: mask hypoglycemia, bronchospasms, impotence

Back 26

class II antiarrhythmics
-propranolol
-esmolol
-carvediol
-metoprolol
-bisoprolol

Front 27

moa:
1. inhibit cardiotoxicity of catecolamines
2. inc density of B1 receptors
3. dec neurohormonal activity

Back 27

class II antiarrhythmics
-propranolol
-esmolol
-carvediol
-metoprolol
-bisoprolol

Front 28

category of antiarrhythmics that show reduced mortality for pt with hf

Back 28

class II antiarrhythmics
-propranolol
-esmolol
-carvediol
-metoprolol
-bisoprolol

Front 29

used for txmt of recurrent ventricular arrhythmias

-many of these agents can precipitate torsade de pointe arrhythmias

Back 29

classs II antiarrhythmics
-sotalol
-ibutilide
-brtylium
-amiodarone

Front 30

these agents prolong the action potential by blocking potassium channels

Back 30

classs II antiarrhythmics
-sotalol
-ibutilide
-brtylium
-amiodarone

Front 31

ae:
-pulmonary fibrosis
-corneal microdeposits
-hepatic dysfxn
-hypo/hyper thyroidism
-photosensitvity

Back 31

classs II antiarrhythmics
-sotalol
-ibutilide
-brtylium
-amiodarone

Front 32

used for atrial arrhythmias and nodal re-entry as well as hypertension and angina, these agents inhibit Ca voltage channels

-major effect on av and sinus node

Back 32

Class IV antiarrhythmics
-verapamil
-diltiazem

Front 33

centrally acting alpha-2 agonist that reduces sympathetic autonomic nervous system outflow, resulting in decreased blood pressure

Back 33

clonidine

Front 34

ae: rebound htn, mi, tremor and tachycardia

Back 34

clonidine, all these ae occur when the drug is abruptly discontinued

Front 35

used in the management of congestive heart failure, these drugs are reversible inhibitors of Na/K ATPase

Back 35

digitoxin and digoxin

Front 36

inc left ventricular ejection fraction, inc co, and inc exercise capacity

ae: narrow therapeutic window

Back 36

digitoxin

Front 37

ae:
-see gi (n/v) and cns (hallow light) effect with toxicity first

-must watch renal fxn - can lead to renal failute

Back 37

digitoxin and digoxin

Front 38

pt with low K, low Mg, high Na or high Ca can experience arrhythmias with these agents

Back 38

digitoxin and digoxin

Front 39

agents that dec triglycerides dramatically by stimulating lipoprotein lipase

Back 39

fibric acids

gemfibrozil
fenofibrate
clofiprate

Front 40

antihyperlipedimic drug associated iwth gallstones and hepatobillary neoplasms

Back 40

clofibrate - fibric acid

Front 41

antihypertensive drug that blocks the release of norepinephrine by replacing it from intracellular vesicles

Back 41

guanethidine

Front 42

ae include serious orthostatic hypotension

-effects of the drug are antigonized by tricyclic antidepresants

Back 42

guanethidine

Front 43

used for txmt of ventricular arrhythmias, esp following MI bc it works only on ischemic tissue

Back 43

lidocaine

Front 44

inc threashold, dec phas 4 slope, dec conduction velocity of fast response tissue

Back 44

lidocaine

Front 45

alpha-2 agonist dec adrenergic outflow from CNS, resulting in dec peripherial resistance and dec blood pressure

Back 45

methyldopa

Front 46

-centrally acating antihypertensive agent
-inhibits central release of NE
-reduces central output of vasoconstrictive impulse

Back 46

methyldopa

Front 47

prefered drug for txmt of htn during pregnancy

Back 47

methyldopa

Front 48

drug can haptenate rbc protiens resulting in an autoimmune hemolytic anemia

Back 48

methyldopa

Front 49

ae:
sedation
dry mouth
low libido
parkinson signs
***hyperprolactinemia

Back 49

methyldopa

Front 50

lipid-lowering agent that causes cutaneous flushing, which can be avoided by administering concurrently with aspirin

Back 50

Niacin

Front 51

directly reduces the secretion of VLDLs from and apolipoprotien synthesis by the liver, while inc HDL

Back 51

niacin

Front 52

causes an inc in cGMP within vascular smooth muscle, resulting in dec preload to heart and dec bp

Back 52

nitroglycerin
isosorbid dinitrate

Front 53

administer as sublingual patch to dec 1st pass effect

Back 53

nitroglycerin

Front 54

potential se:
cyanide poisoning
postural hypotension
throbbinb head ache
flusing

Back 54

nitroglycerin

Front 55

contraindicated for use with seldeafil, a PDE-5 inhibitor

Back 55

nitroglycerin

Front 56

rarely used antihypertensive agent
-blocks the storage and release of caecholamines and serotonin from neurons

Back 56

reserpine

drug readily enters cns and can cause suicidal depression adn parkinson like symptoms

Front 57

inhibits the rate-limiting enzyme of cholesterol syntehsis, HMG-CoA reductase, resulting in dramatically decreased LDL levels

Back 57

Statins
lovastatin
pravastatin
simvastatin
atorvastatin

Front 58

ae:
-may cause elevated liver enzymes
-myositis with ince creatine kinase from skeletal muscles
-rare: rhabdomyolysis

Back 58

Statins
lovastatin
pravastatin
simvastatin
atorvastatin